Xiaoli Chen1, Susan Redline2, Alexandra E Shields3, David R Williams4, Michelle A Williams5. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Electronic address: xchen@hsph.harvard.edu. 2. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. 3. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard/MGH Center for Genomics, Vulnerable Populations and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. 4. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine whether allostatic load (AL), a measure of cumulative physiologic dysregulation across biological systems, was associated with sleep apnea, insomnia, and other sleep disturbances. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008 were used. AL was measured using nine biomarkers representing cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic system functioning. A total of 3330 US adults aged 18 years and older were included in this study. RESULTS: The prevalence of high AL (AL score ≥3) was the highest among African Americans (26.3%), followed by Hispanic Americans (20.3%), whites (17.7%), and other racial/ethnic group (13.8%). After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, high AL was significantly associated with sleep apnea (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-2.63), snoring (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.79-2.69), snorting/stop breathing (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.46-3.21), prolonged sleep latency (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08-1.88), short sleep duration (<6 hours) (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00-1.82), and diagnosed sleep disorder (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.66-3.08). There was no clear evidence that observed associations varied by sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests significant associations of high AL with sleep apnea, sleep apnea symptoms, insomnia component, short sleep duration, and diagnosed sleep disorder among US adults.
PURPOSE: To examine whether allostatic load (AL), a measure of cumulative physiologic dysregulation across biological systems, was associated with sleep apnea, insomnia, and other sleep disturbances. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008 were used. AL was measured using nine biomarkers representing cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic system functioning. A total of 3330 US adults aged 18 years and older were included in this study. RESULTS: The prevalence of high AL (AL score ≥3) was the highest among African Americans (26.3%), followed by Hispanic Americans (20.3%), whites (17.7%), and other racial/ethnic group (13.8%). After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, high AL was significantly associated with sleep apnea (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-2.63), snoring (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.79-2.69), snorting/stop breathing (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.46-3.21), prolonged sleep latency (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08-1.88), short sleep duration (<6 hours) (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00-1.82), and diagnosed sleep disorder (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.66-3.08). There was no clear evidence that observed associations varied by sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests significant associations of high AL with sleep apnea, sleep apnea symptoms, insomnia component, short sleep duration, and diagnosed sleep disorder among US adults.
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