Solange Pereira1, Lílian Teixeira2, Edenil Aguilar2, Marina Oliveira3, Alexandre Savassi-Rocha4, Juliana Navia Pelaez5, Luciano Capettini5, Marco Túlio Diniz4, Adaliene Ferreira3, Jacqueline Alvarez-Leite6. 1. Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital, Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 2. Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 3. Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 4. Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital, Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 5. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 6. Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital, Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: Jalvarezleite@gmail.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the profiles of proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β) adipokines in the blood, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of metabolically healthy class III obese individuals and normal-weight controls. METHODS: The serum concentrations (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), mRNA expression levels (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), and adipose tissue secretion (ELISA) of IL-6, TNF, IL-10, and TGF-β were analyzed, as were the mRNA expression of FOXP3 (present in regulatory T cells) and the secretion (Western blotting) of matrix metalloproteinases in the adipose tissue. RESULTS: There were no differences in the circulating levels, expression, or secretion of IL-6 and TNF between the groups or tissues. The expression and circulating levels of IL-10 were higher in obese individuals, especially in the SAT. Although the blood concentration of TGF-β was similar between the groups, its expression and secretion levels were higher in the adipose tissues of obese individuals compared with controls. FOXP3 and MMP expression levels were higher in the SAT and VAT of obese individuals, respectively, compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: Metabolically healthy, extremely obese individuals have effective immunoregulation to counter chronic obesity-related inflammation through the increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in adipose tissue, especially SAT; the increased presence of FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells; and increases in angiogenesis and adipogenesis induced by TGF-β and MMPs. These regulatory mechanisms could be important in the delayed onset of metabolic complications, even in extremely obese individuals.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the profiles of proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β) adipokines in the blood, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of metabolically healthy class III obese individuals and normal-weight controls. METHODS: The serum concentrations (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), mRNA expression levels (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), and adipose tissue secretion (ELISA) of IL-6, TNF, IL-10, and TGF-β were analyzed, as were the mRNA expression of FOXP3 (present in regulatory T cells) and the secretion (Western blotting) of matrix metalloproteinases in the adipose tissue. RESULTS: There were no differences in the circulating levels, expression, or secretion of IL-6 and TNF between the groups or tissues. The expression and circulating levels of IL-10 were higher in obese individuals, especially in the SAT. Although the blood concentration of TGF-β was similar between the groups, its expression and secretion levels were higher in the adipose tissues of obese individuals compared with controls. FOXP3 and MMP expression levels were higher in the SAT and VAT of obese individuals, respectively, compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: Metabolically healthy, extremely obese individuals have effective immunoregulation to counter chronic obesity-related inflammation through the increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in adipose tissue, especially SAT; the increased presence of FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells; and increases in angiogenesis and adipogenesis induced by TGF-β and MMPs. These regulatory mechanisms could be important in the delayed onset of metabolic complications, even in extremely obese individuals.
Authors: Nayara I Medeiros; Rafael T Mattos; Carlos A Menezes; Rafaelle C G Fares; André Talvani; Walderez O Dutra; Fabrício Rios-Santos; Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira; Juliana A S Gomes Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2017-07-22 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Larissa Cristina Fontenelle; Mickael de Paiva Sousa; Loanne Rocha Dos Santos; Bruna Emanuele Pereira Cardoso; Thayanne Gabryelle Visgueira de Sousa; Tamires da Cunha Soares; Stéfany Rodrigues de Sousa Melo; Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais; Thaline Milany da Silva Dias; Francisco Erasmo de Oliveira; Débora Cavalcante Braz; João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa; Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal; Gilberto Simeone Henriques; Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro Journal: Biol Trace Elem Res Date: 2022-04-06 Impact factor: 3.738
Authors: Duncan Howie; Stephen Paul Cobbold; Elizabeth Adams; Annemieke Ten Bokum; Andra Stefania Necula; Wei Zhang; Honglei Huang; David J Roberts; Benjamin Thomas; Svenja S Hester; David J Vaux; Alexander G Betz; Herman Waldmann Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2017-02-09