Offspring production with sperm grown in vitro from cryopreserved testis tissues.

With the increasing cure rate of paediatric cancers, infertility, as one of the adverse effects of treatments, has become an important concern for patients and their families. Since semen cryopreservation is applicable only for post-pubertal patients, alternative pre-pubertal measures are necessary. Here we demonstrate that testis tissue cryopreservation is a realistic measure for preserving the fertility of an individual. Testis tissues of neonatal mice were cryopreserved either by slow freezing or by vitrification. After thawing, they were cultured on agarose gel and showed spermatogenesis up to sperm formation. Microinsemination was performed with round spermatids and sperm, leading to eight offspring in total. They grew healthily and produced progeny upon natural mating between them. This strategy, the cryopreservation of testis tissues followed by in vitro spermatogenesis, is promising to preserve the fertility of male paediatric cancer patients in the future.