Why is functional capacity decreased in hypertensive patients? From mechanisms to clinical studies.

The influence of arterial hypertension on functional capacity is poorly understood. Studies have shown that peak oxygen consumption has been reduced in hypertensive patients, but the mechanisms are unclear. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as well as left ventricular hypertrophy, are associated with lower functional capacity in patients with arterial hypertension. Furthermore, some investigations found a significant relationship between right ventricular systolic function and functional capacity in the general population. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge about the mechanisms of reduced functional capacity in hypertensive patients, including the impact of systemic and pulmonary circulations, as well as the influence of the left and right ventricle on oxygen consumption. Additionally, we reviewed all clinical studies regarding functional capacity in the population with arterial hypertension.