Laura L Pendergast1, Rebecca J Scharf2, Zeba A Rasmussen3, Jessica C Seidman3, Barbara A Schaefer4, Erling Svensen5, Fahmida Tofail6, Beena Koshy7, Margaret Kosek8, Muneera A Rasheed9, Reeba Roshan7, Angelina Maphula10, Rita Shrestha11, Laura E Murray-Kolb4. 1. School Psychology Program, Temple University, Ritter Annex 265, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. Electronic address: Laura.Pendergast@temple.edu. 2. University of Virginia, USA. 3. Fogarty International Center, USA. 4. The Pennsylvania State University, USA. 5. University of Bergen, Norway; Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Tanzania. 6. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. 7. Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. 8. The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA. 9. Aga Khan University, Pakistan. 10. University of Venda, South Africa. 11. Institute of Medicine, Tribuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) is a screening instrument that has been shown to be an effective measure of depression in postpartum women and is widely used in developing nations. METHODS: The SRQ was administered to 2028 mothers from eight nations at two time points: one and six months postpartum. All data were obtained from the Interactions of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections: Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study. The sample included women from MAL-ED sites in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, and Tanzania. This study examined three aspects of validity of SRQ scores including (a) structural validity, (b) cross-cultural invariance, and (c) invariance over time. RESULTS: A 16-item, one-factor structure with items reflecting somatic symptoms removed was deemed to be superior to the original structure in this postpartum population. Although differential item functioning (DIF) across sites was evident the one-factor model was a good fit to the data from seven sites, and the structure was invariant across the one- and six-month time points. LIMITATIONS: Findings are based on data from self-report scales. No information about the clinical status of the participants was available. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, findings support the validity of a modified model of the SRQ among postpartum women. Somatic symptoms (e.g., headaches, not sleeping well) may not reflect internalizing problems in a postpartum population. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
BACKGROUND: The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) is a screening instrument that has been shown to be an effective measure of depression in postpartum women and is widely used in developing nations. METHODS: The SRQ was administered to 2028 mothers from eight nations at two time points: one and six months postpartum. All data were obtained from the Interactions of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections: Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study. The sample included women from MAL-ED sites in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, and Tanzania. This study examined three aspects of validity of SRQ scores including (a) structural validity, (b) cross-cultural invariance, and (c) invariance over time. RESULTS: A 16-item, one-factor structure with items reflecting somatic symptoms removed was deemed to be superior to the original structure in this postpartum population. Although differential item functioning (DIF) across sites was evident the one-factor model was a good fit to the data from seven sites, and the structure was invariant across the one- and six-month time points. LIMITATIONS: Findings are based on data from self-report scales. No information about the clinical status of the participants was available. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, findings support the validity of a modified model of the SRQ among postpartum women. Somatic symptoms (e.g., headaches, not sleeping well) may not reflect internalizing problems in a postpartum population. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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