TiO₂ ring-resonator-based EO polymer modulator.

In this work, an electro-optic (EO) ring resonator modulator was designed and fabricated in a waveguide consisting of a titanium dioxide (TiO)₂ core, silicon dioxide (SiO₂) buffer layer, EO polymer claddings, and electrodes. By optimizing the thickness of the TiO₂ and SiO₂layers, the modulator could satisfy the single-mode requirement; furthermore 52.5% TM mode was confined in the active EO polymer layers. The designed modulator could also pole the EO polymer effectively regardless of its resistivity. Therefore, the EO modulator was observed to show a high resonance wavelength shift of 2.25 × 10(-2) nm/V. The intensity modulation at 1550 nm showed a Vp-p = 1.9 V for a 3dB distinction ratio.