Vivek K Prasad1, Gregory A Hand1, Xuemei Sui2, Deepika Shrestha3, Duck-Chul Lee4, Carl J Lavie5, Jason R Jaggers6, Steven N Blair7. 1. Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. 2. Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Electronic address: msui@mailbox.sc.edu. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. 4. Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames. 5. Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA. 6. Department of Applied Health Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY. 7. Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of heart rate (HR) responses at rest, during exercise, and after exercise with incident hypertension (HTN) in men. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 10,418 healthy normotensive men without abnormalities on electrocardiography or a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, or diabetes underwent a maximal exercise test and were followed up for incidence of HTN. Heart rate reserve was defined as the maximal HR minus resting HR. Heart rate recovery was defined as HR 5 minutes after the exercise test. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 6 years, there were 2831 cases of HTN. Compared with men who had lower HR reserve, the risk of incident HTN was significantly lower for men with higher HR reserve (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95 for the highest quartile vs the lowest quartile of HR reserve; P=.002) when adjusted for age, baseline examination year, smoking, heavy drinking, body mass index, resting blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Compared with men who had higher HR recovery, the risk of incident HTN was significantly lower for men with lower HR recovery (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99 for quartile 3 vs highest quartile; P=.04) after adjusting for the aforementioned confounders. However, the overall linear trend for HR recovery was not significant (P=.26). CONCLUSION: The risk of HTN decreased in men with higher HR reserve. Therefore, HR reserve may be considered as a useful exercise parameter for predicting the risk of HTN in men.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of heart rate (HR) responses at rest, during exercise, and after exercise with incident hypertension (HTN) in men. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 10,418 healthy normotensive men without abnormalities on electrocardiography or a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, or diabetes underwent a maximal exercise test and were followed up for incidence of HTN. Heart rate reserve was defined as the maximal HR minus resting HR. Heart rate recovery was defined as HR 5 minutes after the exercise test. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 6 years, there were 2831 cases of HTN. Compared with men who had lower HR reserve, the risk of incident HTN was significantly lower for men with higher HR reserve (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95 for the highest quartile vs the lowest quartile of HR reserve; P=.002) when adjusted for age, baseline examination year, smoking, heavy drinking, body mass index, resting blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Compared with men who had higher HR recovery, the risk of incident HTN was significantly lower for men with lower HR recovery (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99 for quartile 3 vs highest quartile; P=.04) after adjusting for the aforementioned confounders. However, the overall linear trend for HR recovery was not significant (P=.26). CONCLUSION: The risk of HTN decreased in men with higher HR reserve. Therefore, HR reserve may be considered as a useful exercise parameter for predicting the risk of HTN in men.
Authors: Yiling J Cheng; Michael S Lauer; Conrad P Earnest; Timothy S Church; James B Kampert; Larry W Gibbons; Steven N Blair Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2003-07 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Xuemei Sui; Virginia J Howard; Michelle N McDonnell; Linda Ernstsen; Matthew L Flaherty; Steven P Hooker; Carl J Lavie Journal: Mayo Clin Proc Date: 2018-06-19 Impact factor: 7.616