Dennis T Ko1, Harindra C Wijeysundera2, Jacob A Udell3, Viola Vaccarino4, Peter C Austin5, Helen Guo5, James L Velianou6, Kelly Lau5, Jack V Tu2. 1. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: dennis.ko@ices.on.ca. 2. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 5. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 6. Division of Cardiology, Hamilton Health Sciences Center and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Extensive research has demonstrated the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in predicting acute coronary events. Our main objective was to evaluate the relationship between traditional risk factors and the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and to explore potential differences in men vs women. METHODS: An observational study was conducted in a population-based cohort of stable patients who underwent cardiac catheterization in Ontario, Canada. We examined the relationship of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking with the presence of obstructive CAD in men and women using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 46,490 patients who were included in our study, 61.2% were men and 38.8% were women. We found that 97% of patients with obstructive CAD had at least 1 conventional cardiovascular risk factor. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for obstructive CAD in women with diabetes (OR, 1.51), hypertension (OR, 1.38), and smoking (OR, 1.39) were statistically significantly greater than in men (OR, 1.20 for diabetes; OR, 1.08 for hypertension; OR, 1.14 for smoking; P < 0.001). The sex difference was even greater for patients with multiple risk factors. For example, the association with obstructive CAD in women with 4 cardiac risk factors (OR, 4.30; 95% confidence interval, 3.49-5.28) was almost doubled compared with men (OR, 2.26; 95%confidence interval, 1.99-2.57; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Almost all patients with stable CAD undergoing cardiac catheterization had at least 1 traditional cardiac risk factor. Importantly, the association between multiple cardiac risk factors and the presence of obstructive CAD is substantially stronger in women than men.
BACKGROUND: Extensive research has demonstrated the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in predicting acute coronary events. Our main objective was to evaluate the relationship between traditional risk factors and the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and to explore potential differences in men vs women. METHODS: An observational study was conducted in a population-based cohort of stable patients who underwent cardiac catheterization in Ontario, Canada. We examined the relationship of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking with the presence of obstructive CAD in men and women using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 46,490 patients who were included in our study, 61.2% were men and 38.8% were women. We found that 97% of patients with obstructive CAD had at least 1 conventional cardiovascular risk factor. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for obstructive CAD in women with diabetes (OR, 1.51), hypertension (OR, 1.38), and smoking (OR, 1.39) were statistically significantly greater than in men (OR, 1.20 for diabetes; OR, 1.08 for hypertension; OR, 1.14 for smoking; P < 0.001). The sex difference was even greater for patients with multiple risk factors. For example, the association with obstructive CAD in women with 4 cardiac risk factors (OR, 4.30; 95% confidence interval, 3.49-5.28) was almost doubled compared with men (OR, 2.26; 95%confidence interval, 1.99-2.57; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Almost all patients with stable CAD undergoing cardiac catheterization had at least 1 traditional cardiac risk factor. Importantly, the association between multiple cardiac risk factors and the presence of obstructive CAD is substantially stronger in women than men.
Authors: Kelly C Epps; Elizabeth M Holper; Faith Selzer; Helen A Vlachos; Sarah K Gualano; J Dawn Abbott; Alice K Jacobs; Oscar C Marroquin; Srihari S Naidu; Peter W Groeneveld; Robert L Wilensky Journal: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes Date: 2016-02
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Authors: Simina R Luca; Maria Koh; Feng Qiu; David A Alter; Akshay Bagai; R Sacha Bhatia; Andrew Czarnecki; Shaun G Goodman; Ching Lau; Harindra C Wijeysundera; Dennis T Ko Journal: CMAJ Open Date: 2017-05-26
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