Extreme dilation of pulmonary artery: a literature review.

Massive pulmonary dilation is a rare finding. These aneurysms can result from different aetiologies that can be congenital or acquired. We present a case of a 61-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with dyspnoea and cough and was discovered to have a massive pulmonary aneurysm. After eliminating most other possible causes, pulmonary hypertension and congenital pulmonic valve stenosis were deemed likely aetiological factors for our patient. These aneurysms are very rare and should prompt close attention and surveillance when present. It is essential to diagnose these findings in a timely fashion as severe complications such as arterial perforation and fatal haemorrhage may occur if left untreated. We present this case because mechanisms leading to pulmonary artery dilation are poorly understood. Furthermore the clinical symptoms and complications are not commonly known, meriting case presentation. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.