Vincent J H M van Driel1, Kars G E J Neven2, Harry van Wessel2, Bastiaan C du Pré2, Aryan Vink2, Pieter A F M Doevendans2, Fred H M Wittkampf2. 1. From the Departments of Cardiology (V.J.H.M.v.D., K.G.E.J.N., H.v.W., B.C.d.P., P.A.F.M.D., F.H.M.W.) and Pathology (A.V.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Department of Rhythmology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany (K.G.E.J.N.). vjhmvandriel@gmail.com. 2. From the Departments of Cardiology (V.J.H.M.v.D., K.G.E.J.N., H.v.W., B.C.d.P., P.A.F.M.D., F.H.M.W.) and Pathology (A.V.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Department of Rhythmology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany (K.G.E.J.N.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation inside pulmonary vein (PV) ostia can cause PV stenosis. A novel alternative method of ablation is irreversible electroporation, but the long-term response of PVs to electroporation ablation is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: In ten 6-month-old pigs (60-75 kg), the response of PVs to circular electroporation and radiofrequency ablation was compared. Ten consecutive, nonarcing, electroporation applications of 200 J were delivered 5 to 10 mm inside 1 of the 2 main PVs, using a custom-deflectable, 18-mm circular decapolar catheter. Inside the other PV, circular radiofrequency ablation was performed using 30 W radiofrequency applications via an irrigated 4-mm ablation catheter. PV angiograms were made before ablation, immediately after ablation, and after 3-month survival. PV diameters and heart size were measured. With electroporation ablation, PV ostial diameter decreased 11±10% directly after ablation, but had increased 19±11% after 3 months. With radiofrequency ablation, PV ostial diameter decreased 23±15% directly after ablation and remained 7±17% smaller after 3 months compared with preablation diameter despite a 21±7% increase in heart size during aging from 6 to 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: In this porcine model, multiple circumferential 200-J electroporation applications inside the PV ostia do not affect PV diameter at 3-month follow-up. Radiofrequency ablation inside PV ostia causes considerable PV stenosis directly after ablation, which persists after 3 months.
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation inside pulmonary vein (PV) ostia can cause PV stenosis. A novel alternative method of ablation is irreversible electroporation, but the long-term response of PVs to electroporation ablation is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: In ten 6-month-old pigs (60-75 kg), the response of PVs to circular electroporation and radiofrequency ablation was compared. Ten consecutive, nonarcing, electroporation applications of 200 J were delivered 5 to 10 mm inside 1 of the 2 main PVs, using a custom-deflectable, 18-mm circular decapolar catheter. Inside the other PV, circular radiofrequency ablation was performed using 30 W radiofrequency applications via an irrigated 4-mm ablation catheter. PV angiograms were made before ablation, immediately after ablation, and after 3-month survival. PV diameters and heart size were measured. With electroporation ablation, PV ostial diameter decreased 11±10% directly after ablation, but had increased 19±11% after 3 months. With radiofrequency ablation, PV ostial diameter decreased 23±15% directly after ablation and remained 7±17% smaller after 3 months compared with preablation diameter despite a 21±7% increase in heart size during aging from 6 to 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: In this porcine model, multiple circumferential 200-J electroporation applications inside the PV ostia do not affect PV diameter at 3-month follow-up. Radiofrequency ablation inside PV ostia causes considerable PV stenosis directly after ablation, which persists after 3 months.
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