A device for the intraoperative identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in piglets.

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is one of the most frequently injured nerves in head and neck surgery. Routine identification of the RLN during thyroid surgery has reduced the injury rate from 10% to less than 4%. Difficulty in identification of the RLN contributes to this surgical morbidity. Devices previously used for intraoperative identification of the RLN have failed to achieve the simplicity and reliability necessary for clinical use. This animal study uses a simple double-ballooned endotracheal tube and pressure transducer system, which assists intraoperative RLN identification through nerve stimulation and graphic documentation of vocal fold (VF) motion. Iatrogenic injury is demonstrated by a dampened stimulation-pressure tracing. The RLNs of three piglets were injured and examined, and the degree of injury was correlated with perioperative nerve stimulation patterns. The piglet proved to be an adequate model for laryngeal research. An FDA-approved multi-institutional prospective human study using this system of identification of the RLN is in progress.