Daisuke Fujisawa1, Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura2, Hirohito Kita3, Yusuke Kikukawa4, Yasushi Fujitani4, Tomomi Sasaki-Sakamoto5, Kazumichi Kuroda6, Satoshi Nunomura1, Koremasa Hayama1, Tadashi Terui7, Chisei Ra6, Yoshimichi Okayama8. 1. Allergy and Immunology Group, Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RCAI, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan. 3. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 4. Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Japan. 5. Allergy and Immunology Group, Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 7. Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 8. Allergy and Immunology Group, Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: okayama.yoshimichi@nihon-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Wheal reactions to intradermally injected neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide, are significantly larger and longer lasting in patients with chronic urticaria (CU) than in nonatopic control (NC) subjects. Mas-related gene X2 (MrgX2) has been identified as a receptor for basic neuropeptides, such as SP and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Mast cell (MC) responsiveness to eosinophil mediators contributes to the late-phase reaction of allergy. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the frequency of MrgX2 expression in skin MCs from patients with CU and NC subjects and to identify the receptor for basic eosinophil granule proteins on human skin MCs. METHODS: MrgX2 expression was investigated by using immunofluorescence in skin tissues from NC subjects and patients with severe CU and on skin-derived cultured MCs. MrgX2 expression in human MCs was reduced by using a lentiviral small hairpin RNA silencing technique. Ca(2+) influx was measured in CHO cells transfected with MrgX2 in response to eosinophil granule proteins. Histamine and prostaglandin D2 levels were measured by using enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS: The number of MrgX2(+) skin MCs and the percentage of MrgX2(+) MCs in all MCs in patients with CU were significantly greater than those in NC subjects. Eosinophil infiltration in urticarial lesions was observed in 7 of 9 patients with CU. SP, major basic protein, and eosinophil peroxidase, but not eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, induced histamine release from human skin MCs through MrgX2. CONCLUSION: MrgX2 might be a new target molecule for the treatment of wheal reactions in patients with severe CU.
BACKGROUND: Wheal reactions to intradermally injected neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide, are significantly larger and longer lasting in patients with chronic urticaria (CU) than in nonatopic control (NC) subjects. Mas-related gene X2 (MrgX2) has been identified as a receptor for basic neuropeptides, such as SP and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Mast cell (MC) responsiveness to eosinophil mediators contributes to the late-phase reaction of allergy. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the frequency of MrgX2 expression in skin MCs from patients with CU and NC subjects and to identify the receptor for basic eosinophil granule proteins on human skin MCs. METHODS:MrgX2 expression was investigated by using immunofluorescence in skin tissues from NC subjects and patients with severe CU and on skin-derived cultured MCs. MrgX2 expression in human MCs was reduced by using a lentiviral small hairpin RNA silencing technique. Ca(2+) influx was measured in CHO cells transfected with MrgX2 in response to eosinophil granule proteins. Histamine and prostaglandin D2 levels were measured by using enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS: The number of MrgX2(+) skin MCs and the percentage of MrgX2(+) MCs in all MCs in patients with CU were significantly greater than those in NC subjects. Eosinophil infiltration in urticarial lesions was observed in 7 of 9 patients with CU. SP, major basic protein, and eosinophil peroxidase, but not eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, induced histamine release from human skin MCs through MrgX2. CONCLUSION:MrgX2 might be a new target molecule for the treatment of wheal reactions in patients with severe CU.
Authors: Ehsan Azimi; Vemuri B Reddy; Kai-Ting C Shade; Robert M Anthony; Sebastien Talbot; Paula Juliana Seadi Pereira; Ethan A Lerner Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2016-10-06
Authors: Nicolas Gaudenzio; Riccardo Sibilano; Thomas Marichal; Philipp Starkl; Laurent L Reber; Nicolas Cenac; Benjamin D McNeil; Xinzhong Dong; Joseph D Hernandez; Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg; Ilan Hammel; Axel Roers; Salvatore Valitutti; Mindy Tsai; Eric Espinosa; Stephen J Galli Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2016-09-19 Impact factor: 14.808