Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as isolated mediastinal mass in an infant.

BACKGROUND: Isolated mediastinal involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has been rarely reported. CASE CHARACTERISTICS: A 3-month-old boy presented with history of low grade intermittent fever, cough and noisy breathing for 2 weeks. OBSERVATION: A chest X-ray showed massive mediastinal widening. Biopsy of the mass confirmed LCH. OUTCOME: Patient is doing well after one year of treatment with LCH III protocol. MESSAGE: Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of mediastinal mass in infants.