Jonathan M Gaffin1, Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon2, Wanda Phipatanakul3. 1. Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jonathan.gaffin@childrens.harvard.edu. 2. Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: champw@hotmail.com. 3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: wanda.phipatanakul@childrens.harvard.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the past several decades. While hereditary factors are highly important, the rapid rise outstrips the pace of genomic variation. Great emphasis has been placed on potential modifiable early life exposures leading to childhood asthma. METHODS: We reviewed the recent medical literature for important studies discussing the role of the perinatal and early childhood exposures and the inception of childhood asthma. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Early life exposure to allergens (house dust mite (HDM), furred pets, cockroach, rodent and mold), air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM)) and viral respiratory tract infections (Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (hRV)) has been implicated in the development of asthma in high risk children. Conversely, exposure to microbial diversity in the perinatal period may diminish the development of atopy and asthma symptoms.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the past several decades. While hereditary factors are highly important, the rapid rise outstrips the pace of genomic variation. Great emphasis has been placed on potential modifiable early life exposures leading to childhood asthma. METHODS: We reviewed the recent medical literature for important studies discussing the role of the perinatal and early childhood exposures and the inception of childhood asthma. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Early life exposure to allergens (house dust mite (HDM), furred pets, cockroach, rodent and mold), air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM)) and viral respiratory tract infections (Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (hRV)) has been implicated in the development of asthma in high risk children. Conversely, exposure to microbial diversity in the perinatal period may diminish the development of atopy and asthma symptoms.
Authors: Ginger L Chew; Matthew S Perzanowski; Stephen M Canfield; Inge F Goldstein; Robert B Mellins; Lori A Hoepner; Maxine Ashby-Thompson; Judith S Jacobson Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2007-10-22 Impact factor: 10.793
Authors: Petra Ina Pfefferle; Gisela Büchele; Nicole Blümer; Marjut Roponen; Markus Johannes Ege; Susanne Krauss-Etschmann; Jon Genuneit; Anne Hyvärinen; Maija-Riitta Hirvonen; Roger Lauener; Juha Pekkanen; Josef Riedler; Jean Charles Dalphin; Bert Brunekeef; Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer; Erika von Mutius; Harald Renz Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2009-12-06 Impact factor: 10.793
Authors: R T Stein; D Sherrill; W J Morgan; C J Holberg; M Halonen; L M Taussig; A L Wright; F D Martinez Journal: Lancet Date: 1999-08-14 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Jacqueline A Pongracic; Cynthia M Visness; Rebecca S Gruchalla; Richard Evans; Herman E Mitchell Journal: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol Date: 2008-07 Impact factor: 6.347
Authors: Debra A Stern; Stefano Guerra; Marilyn Halonen; Anne L Wright; Fernando D Martinez Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2007-08-08 Impact factor: 10.793
Authors: Ellen F Crain; Michelle Walter; George T O'Connor; Herman Mitchell; Rebecca S Gruchalla; Meyer Kattan; George S Malindzak; Paul Enright; Richard Evans; Wayne Morgan; James W Stout Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Kathrin Reinmuth-Selzle; Christopher J Kampf; Kurt Lucas; Naama Lang-Yona; Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky; Manabu Shiraiwa; Pascale S J Lakey; Senchao Lai; Fobang Liu; Anna T Kunert; Kira Ziegler; Fangxia Shen; Rossella Sgarbanti; Bettina Weber; Iris Bellinghausen; Joachim Saloga; Michael G Weller; Albert Duschl; Detlef Schuppan; Ulrich Pöschl Journal: Environ Sci Technol Date: 2017-04-06 Impact factor: 9.028
Authors: Tatyana Plachco; Romina Libster; Jodell E Linder; Lucrecia Bossi; Norma Aspres; Gabriela Bauer; John V Williams; Fernando P Polack; E Kathryn Miller Journal: Adv Pediatr Res Date: 2014-12-31