Literature DB >> 24949695

[A case report of combined small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutation and treatment experience].

Ye Guo1, Limei Qu2, Mingxin Shao1, Xingxing Wang1, Hongwei Sun1, Kewei Ma1.   

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Year:  2014        PMID: 24949695      PMCID: PMC6000095          DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.06.14

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi        ISSN: 1009-3419


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复合性小细胞肺癌(combined small cell lung cancer, CSCLC)是小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)与另外一种成分复合组成的癌,世界卫生组织2004年肺癌新病理分类中,将其归为SCLC的亚型。CSCLC发生率低,约占SCLC的1%-2%[,目前尚无标准治疗方案,疗效和预后有待进一步观察。本文报道1例CSCLC,复合成分为腺癌,且经过ARMS法检测肿瘤组织表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)突变阳性,该患者经过化疗、分子靶向治疗及维持治疗,取得良好的治疗效果。

临床资料

患者男性,61岁,吸烟30余年,40支/日。咳嗽、咳痰1个月。既往:患者5年前体检发现胸膜处高密度阴影(图 1A),5年间无明显变化,发病前3个月病灶逐渐增大。辅助检查:2013年2月肺CT(图 1B):右肺下叶见团块状密度增高影,呈浅分叶并见偏心性空洞,大小约51 mm×47 mm;右侧胸膜见多个结节状密度增高影,右侧胸腔内见少量液性低密度影;纵隔内气管隆突上、下及右侧心隔角见多个肿大淋巴结,部分融合成块。行右肺下叶病灶穿刺,病理回报:肺复合性小细胞癌,复合成份为腺癌。镜下观察,肿瘤组织由两类细胞组成,其中以弥漫蓝染的小细胞分布为主,细胞排列紧密,大部分呈短梭形,包浆稀少,易见核分裂像,其内穿插少量紊乱腺腔样排列的肿瘤细胞,细胞有异形。免疫组化:CK7(+),Syn(+),TTF-1(+),CD56(+),CK5/6(-),CK20(-),P63(-),CgA(-),LCA(-),Ki-67(50%+)(图 2)。穿刺组织行EGFR基因突变检测:第19号外显子有缺失突变。
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CT图像。A:患者发病5年前体检时肺CT;B:患者发病初始肺CT(2013年2月);C:2个周期化疗后肺CT(2013年4月);D:4个疗程化疗后肺CT(2013年5月);E:6个疗程化疗+分子靶向治疗后肺CT(2013年7月);F:分子靶向药物维持治疗2个月后肺CT(2013年9月)。

CT graphs. A: patient's pulmonary CT before 5 years; B: Patient's pulmonary CT at the beginning of the disease (February, 2013); C: patient's pulmonary CT after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (April, 2013); D Patient's pulmonary CT after 4 cycles of chemotherapy (May, 2013); E: Patient's pulmonary CT after 6 cycles of chemotherapy and TKI treatment (July, 2013); F: Patient's pulmonary CT by TKI as maintenance treatment after 2 months (September, 2013). CT: computed tomograpy; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

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患者肿瘤组织的HE和免疫组化染色结果(×200)。A:HE染色;B:腺癌成分CK7表达阳性,细胞膜表达;C:小细胞癌成分Syn表达阳性,细胞膜表达;D:腺癌、小细胞癌成分TTF-1均表达阳性,细胞核表达;E:小细胞癌成分CD56表达阳性,细胞膜表达;F:CK5/6表达阴性。

HE and immunohistochemical staining of the patient's tumor tissue (×200). A: HE staining; B: Positive material of CK7 is located on the adenocarcinoma cell's membrane; C: Positive material of Syn is located on the small cell carcinoma cell's membrane; D: Positive material of TTF-1 is located on the adenocarcinoma cell's and small cell carcinoma cell's nuclei; E: Positive material of CD56 is located on the small cell carcinoma cell's membrane; F: Expression of CD5/6 is negative.

CT图像。A:患者发病5年前体检时肺CT;B:患者发病初始肺CT(2013年2月);C:2个周期化疗后肺CT(2013年4月);D:4个疗程化疗后肺CT(2013年5月);E:6个疗程化疗+分子靶向治疗后肺CT(2013年7月);F:分子靶向药物维持治疗2个月后肺CT(2013年9月)。 CT graphs. A: patient's pulmonary CT before 5 years; B: Patient's pulmonary CT at the beginning of the disease (February, 2013); C: patient's pulmonary CT after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (April, 2013); D Patient's pulmonary CT after 4 cycles of chemotherapy (May, 2013); E: Patient's pulmonary CT after 6 cycles of chemotherapy and TKI treatment (July, 2013); F: Patient's pulmonary CT by TKI as maintenance treatment after 2 months (September, 2013). CT: computed tomograpy; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor. 患者肿瘤组织的HE和免疫组化染色结果(×200)。A:HE染色;B:腺癌成分CK7表达阳性,细胞膜表达;C:小细胞癌成分Syn表达阳性,细胞膜表达;D:腺癌、小细胞癌成分TTF-1均表达阳性,细胞核表达;E:小细胞癌成分CD56表达阳性,细胞膜表达;F:CK5/6表达阴性。 HE and immunohistochemical staining of the patient's tumor tissue (×200). A: HE staining; B: Positive material of CK7 is located on the adenocarcinoma cell's membrane; C: Positive material of Syn is located on the small cell carcinoma cell's membrane; D: Positive material of TTF-1 is located on the adenocarcinoma cell's and small cell carcinoma cell's nuclei; E: Positive material of CD56 is located on the small cell carcinoma cell's membrane; F: Expression of CD5/6 is negative. 患者已存在胸膜转移,肿瘤分期较晚,无手术机会,治疗策略采用姑息治疗为主。一线治疗选择:伊立替康联合顺铂,即IP方案。2个周期化疗后复查肺CT疗效评价为部分缓解(partial response, PR)(图 1C)。继续给予原方案化疗,第4周期化疗后复查肺CT:疗效评价仍为PR。但对比2个疗程化疗后靶病灶未见明显变化(图 1D)。在原有化疗方案基础上加用分子靶向治疗,即小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TKI),方案为IP+盐酸埃克替尼(125 mg/次,3次/日,d1-21口服),21天为1个周期。2个周期该方案化疗后疗效评价为完全缓解(complete response, CR)(图 1E)。继续给予患者盐酸埃克替尼(125 mg/次,3次/日)口服进行维持治疗。维持治疗两个月后,患者胸膜结节影缓慢进展(图 1F),无明显临床症状。二线治疗方案选用拓扑替康+盐酸埃克替尼,21天为1个周期。4个周期治疗后疗效评价为稳定(stable disease, SD)。停止化疗,继续给予盐酸埃克替尼维持治疗,疾病控制稳定。自患者发病至今已10个月。

讨论

两种或两种以上类型的癌组织成分混合构成的癌,统称为复合性癌。复合性癌的发病率约占恶性肿瘤的0.3%-0.5%[。CSCLC是SCLC与另外1种成分复合组成的癌。这种复合成分可以是任何类型的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC),通常为腺癌、鳞癌或大细胞癌,少数为梭形细胞或巨细胞癌,甚至含有肉瘤样成分。SCLC在肺癌中恶性程度最高,约占肺癌的15%-20%,肺腺癌约占肺癌的20%-25%。在亚洲人群中肺腺癌EGFR突变率约为30%-45%[。因此本文报道的CSCLC伴EGFR基因突变病例极为少见。 针对CSCLC的治疗,主张以化疗为主的综合治疗,并无统一规范治疗方案。本病例一线治疗的选择主要考虑以下几点:①SCLC对化疗敏感,疾病控制率可达85%-95%。肺腺癌化疗客观缓解率约为35%-45%,EGFR基因突变阳性腺癌,应用TKI药物的客观缓解率可高达70%[;②EGFR突变常见于肺腺癌细胞内,罕见于SCLC,若选择TKI类药物可能对SCLC治疗无效;③本病例病理证实以SCLC成分为主,且SCLC倍增时间短、恶性程度高、具有高度侵袭性,故治疗上应选针对SCLC效果确切且对于NSCLC亦有效的化疗方案[。2个周期化疗后肺部病灶明显缩小,疗效评价为PR,患者咳嗽、咳痰症状消失,可见该化疗方案的选择可使患者获益。4个周期化疗后复查肺CT对比前片未见明显变化。考虑SCLC成分已有效控制,继续治疗应选用针对腺癌成分的方案,同时考虑肿瘤组织EGFR突变阳性,应用TKI药物的客观缓解率高于化疗[,故在化疗基础上加用TKI分子靶向治疗,治疗2个周期后患者达CR。由此可见,针对该类复合性肿瘤,化疗联合分子靶向治疗可取得理想效果。该患者6个周期化疗结束后,继续给予分子靶向药物维持治疗。 患者复发后选择二线治疗方案时考虑:主要为小细胞成分复发,但不能排除存在腺癌成分,故给予SCLC二线化疗方案基础上联合分子靶向治疗,4个周期化疗后疾病控制稳定,继续给予分子靶向药物维持治疗。目前该患者疾病控制稳定,关于后续治疗方案的选择及疗效,有待继续跟踪报道。
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