Fanrong Meng1, Chen Chen1, Yongwen Li1, Haisu Wan1, Qinghua Zhou1. 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The methods for introducing point mutations into target genes are important for dissecting the relationship of gene structure and function. Up to date, there are numbers of protocols available for the purpose. However, many of them are suited for introducing single site mutation into the target gene. For introducing multiple-site mutations simultaneously into the target genes, it is required to further improve the related methods. METHODS: In this report, we describe an improvement on the type IIs restriction enzyme-dependent site-directed mutagenesis method and the improved protocol is highly efficient for multiple-site mutagenesis. In our method, a pair of mutagenic primers are synthesized for each desired site and each mutagenic primer contains a selected type IIs restriction site. The DNA fragments between two neighboring sites are amplified with PCR. All amplified fragments are then digested by the selected Type IIs restriction enzyme. The expected mutant is eventually generated by ligation of these digested DNA fragments. RESULTS: The improved protocol is very easy and can be achieved in just one day. As a proof of principle, we have introduced multiple-site, i.e., 3-site or 4-site mutations into the fusion gene of nm23 and EGFP (enhanced green fluorecence protein). The mutagenic frequencies are almost reached 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Our protocol provides a useful tool for gene function research.
BACKGROUND: The methods for introducing point mutations into target genes are important for dissecting the relationship of gene structure and function. Up to date, there are numbers of protocols available for the purpose. However, many of them are suited for introducing single site mutation into the target gene. For introducing multiple-site mutations simultaneously into the target genes, it is required to further improve the related methods. METHODS: In this report, we describe an improvement on the type IIs restriction enzyme-dependent site-directed mutagenesis method and the improved protocol is highly efficient for multiple-site mutagenesis. In our method, a pair of mutagenic primers are synthesized for each desired site and each mutagenic primer contains a selected type IIs restriction site. The DNA fragments between two neighboring sites are amplified with PCR. All amplified fragments are then digested by the selected Type IIs restriction enzyme. The expected mutant is eventually generated by ligation of these digested DNA fragments. RESULTS: The improved protocol is very easy and can be achieved in just one day. As a proof of principle, we have introduced multiple-site, i.e., 3-site or 4-site mutations into the fusion gene of nm23 and EGFP (enhanced green fluorecence protein). The mutagenic frequencies are almost reached 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Our protocol provides a useful tool for gene function research.
本研究使用的基因序列是pEN载体,其中含有nm23和绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorecence protein, EGFP)之间的融合基因,该载体为实验室常规保存。PCR反应所用试剂盒PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase(DR010A),T4DNA连接酶(T4 DNA ligase, D2011),DNA纯化DNA Fragment Purification Kit(DV807A, TaKaRa)及DH5alpha菌株为宿主,均购自Takara(大连)公司。限制性内切酶Esp 3I及Dpn I为Fermentas产品。质粒小提试剂盒购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司。
Sequence of the nm23-EGFP fusion gene and the desired mutagenic sites
nm23-EGFP融合基因序列中的突变位点Sequence of the nm23-EGFP fusion gene and the desired mutagenic sites在这个实验中,如果引入3个位点的突变,则有4种组合,即123、124、234、134,而4个位点的突变只有一种,即1234。实验对所有这些组合进行了测试,它们分别被称为突变123、124、234、134、1234。实验分别利用两个邻近的位点引物做PCR扩增,对于需要引入3个位点的突变的情形,先扩增出3个片段,而对于需要引入4个位点突变的情形,共需要扩增出4个片段。然后,实验利用Esp 3I对其进行酶切,并借助连接反应将酶切后片段连接在一起,形成所需要的突变载体。实验利用基因测序的方法对所获得突变载体克隆进行了验证,如图 3A所示,突变123、124、234、134、1234的成功率分别为:7/7(100%)、10/10(100%)、8/9(89%)、9/9(100%)、12/12(100%),成功率接近100%,说明方法的有效性。图 3B中所示为四个突变位点突变后碱基,其中,突变位点site1为9 bp长度的置换突变,突变位点site2为一个氨基酸编码序列的改变,突变位点site3为13bp的序列删除,突变位点site4为单氨基酸编码转换。突变后序列在所设计引物中均有所体现,在表 1中用黑体字标出。实验测序结果充分验证了方法的有效性。
Sequencing results of the mutants. A: mutational rate of the mutants; B: sequencing maps of the mutants.
实验突变结果及测序图。A:突变1-2-3、1-2-4、2-3-4、1-3-4和1-2-3-4的突变成率;B:四个位点的突变测序图。Sequencing results of the mutants. A: mutational rate of the mutants; B: sequencing maps of the mutants.