Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra1, Sameer Dhingra2, Rachna Kumria3, Renu Chadha1, Tejvir Singh4, Anil Kumar1, Maninder Karan5. 1. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. 2. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. 3. Swift School of Pharmacy, Swift Group of Colleges, Rajpura, India. 4. Department of Chemistry, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. 5. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: maninderkaran@hotmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the levels of oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) are increased in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Gallic acid and other phenolic compounds are potent antioxidants and inhibitor of cytokine production. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of newly synthesized conjugated esters of trimethylgallic acid in an experimental model of chronic stress. METHODS: The animals were forced to swim individually for a period of 6min every day for 15 days to induce chronic stress. The locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and memory retention were evaluated in chronically stressed animals, followed by biochemical estimations and neuroinflammatory surge in the brain. RESULTS: Chronic treatment with trimethylgallic acid esters for 15 days significantly reversed the chronic stress-induced behavioral (impaired locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and decreased percentage of memory retention), biochemical (increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels; decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities), and inflammation surge (serum TNF-α) in stressed mice. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that trimethylgallic acid esters could ameliorate chronic stress-induced various behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice, showing protective effects against chronic stress.
BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the levels of oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) are increased in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Gallic acid and other phenolic compounds are potent antioxidants and inhibitor of cytokine production. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of newly synthesized conjugated esters of trimethylgallic acid in an experimental model of chronic stress. METHODS: The animals were forced to swim individually for a period of 6min every day for 15 days to induce chronic stress. The locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and memory retention were evaluated in chronically stressed animals, followed by biochemical estimations and neuroinflammatory surge in the brain. RESULTS: Chronic treatment with trimethylgallic acid esters for 15 days significantly reversed the chronic stress-induced behavioral (impaired locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and decreased percentage of memory retention), biochemical (increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels; decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities), and inflammation surge (serum TNF-α) in stressed mice. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that trimethylgallic acid esters could ameliorate chronic stress-induced various behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice, showing protective effects against chronic stress.
Authors: Alessandra das Graças Fedoce; Frederico Ferreira; Robert G Bota; Vicent Bonet-Costa; Patrick Y Sun; Kelvin J A Davies Journal: Free Radic Res Date: 2018-06-04