Claire Aguilar1, Christelle Lenoir1, Nathalie Lambert2, Bernadette Bègue3, Nicole Brousse4, Danielle Canioni4, Dominique Berrebi5, Maryline Roy6, Stéphane Gérart1, Helen Chapel7, Tobias Schwerd8, Laurent Siproudhis9, Michela Schäppi10, Ali Al-Ahmari11, Masaaki Mori12, Akiko Yamaide13, Lionel Galicier14, Bénédicte Neven15, John Routes16, Holm H Uhlig17, Sibylle Koletzko8, Smita Patel7, Hirokazu Kanegane18, Capucine Picard19, Alain Fischer20, Nadine Cerf Bensussan3, Frank Ruemmele21, Jean-Pierre Hugot22, Sylvain Latour23. 1. Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and EBV Susceptibility, INSERM UMR 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France. 2. Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies (CEDI), Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. 3. University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Interactions of the Intestinal Epithelium and the Immune System, INSERM UMR 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. 4. Pathology Department, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. 5. Pathology Department, Hospital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France; INSERM UMR 843, Hospital Bichat, Paris, France; University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 6. INSERM UMR 843, Hospital Bichat, Paris, France; University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 7. Primary Immunodeficiency Unit, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 8. University of Munich Medical Center, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany. 9. Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France. 10. Pediatrics Center, Clinique des Grangettes and Medical University Center, Geneva, Switzerland. 11. Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 12. Department of Pediatrics, City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. 13. Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan. 14. Department of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France. 15. Department of Immunology and Haematology, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. 16. Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. 17. Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Children's Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 18. Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. 19. Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and EBV Susceptibility, INSERM UMR 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies (CEDI), Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. 20. Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and EBV Susceptibility, INSERM UMR 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Department of Immunology and Haematology, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. 21. University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Interactions of the Intestinal Epithelium and the Immune System, INSERM UMR 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. 22. INSERM UMR 843, Hospital Bichat, Paris, France; University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France. 23. Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and EBV Susceptibility, INSERM UMR 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France. Electronic address: sylvain.latour@inserm.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Crohn disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a complex mode of inheritance. Although nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) is the strongest risk factor, the cause of Crohn disease remains unknown in the majority of the cases. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency causes X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2. IBD has been reported in some XIAP-deficient patients. OBJECTIVE: We characterize the IBD affecting a large cohort of patients with mutations in XIAP and examine the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. METHODS: We performed a phenotypical and histologic analysis of the IBD affecting 17 patients with hemizygous mutations in XIAP, including 3 patients identified by screening 83 patients with pediatric-onset IBD. The X chromosome inactivation was analyzed in female carriers of heterozygous XIAP mutations, including 2 adults with IBD. The functional consequences of XIAP deficiency were analyzed. RESULTS: Clinical presentation and histology of IBD in patients with XIAP deficiency overlapped with those of patients with Crohn disease. The age at onset was variable (from 3 months to 41 years), and IBD was severe and difficult to treat. In 2 patients hematopoietic stem cell transplantation fully restored intestinal homeostasis. Monocytes of patients had impaired NOD2-mediated IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) production, as well as IL-10, in response to NOD2 and Toll-like receptor 2/4 costimulation. Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1)-mediated IL-6 and IL-8 production was defective in fibroblasts from XIAP-deficient patients. The 2 heterozygous female carriers of XIAP mutations with IBD displayed abnormal expression of the XIAP mutated allele, resulting in impaired activation of the NOD2 pathway. CONCLUSION: IBD in patients with XIAP deficiency is similar to Crohn disease and is associated with defective NOD2 function in monocytes. Importantly, we report that it is not restricted to male patients because we identified 2 symptomatic female heterozygous carriers of XIAP mutations.
BACKGROUND:Crohn disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a complex mode of inheritance. Although nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) is the strongest risk factor, the cause of Crohn disease remains unknown in the majority of the cases. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency causes X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2. IBD has been reported in some XIAP-deficientpatients. OBJECTIVE: We characterize the IBD affecting a large cohort of patients with mutations in XIAP and examine the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. METHODS: We performed a phenotypical and histologic analysis of the IBD affecting 17 patients with hemizygous mutations in XIAP, including 3 patients identified by screening 83 patients with pediatric-onset IBD. The X chromosome inactivation was analyzed in female carriers of heterozygous XIAP mutations, including 2 adults with IBD. The functional consequences of XIAP deficiency were analyzed. RESULTS: Clinical presentation and histology of IBD in patients with XIAP deficiency overlapped with those of patients with Crohn disease. The age at onset was variable (from 3 months to 41 years), and IBD was severe and difficult to treat. In 2 patients hematopoietic stem cell transplantation fully restored intestinal homeostasis. Monocytes of patients had impaired NOD2-mediated IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) production, as well as IL-10, in response to NOD2 and Toll-like receptor 2/4 costimulation. Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1)-mediated IL-6 and IL-8 production was defective in fibroblasts from XIAP-deficientpatients. The 2 heterozygous female carriers of XIAP mutations with IBD displayed abnormal expression of the XIAP mutated allele, resulting in impaired activation of the NOD2 pathway. CONCLUSION:IBD in patients with XIAP deficiency is similar to Crohn disease and is associated with defective NOD2 function in monocytes. Importantly, we report that it is not restricted to male patients because we identified 2 symptomatic female heterozygous carriers of XIAP mutations.
Authors: Steven M Chirieleison; Rebecca A Marsh; Prathna Kumar; Joseph K Rathkey; George R Dubyak; Derek W Abbott Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2017-04-12 Impact factor: 5.157