F Ciardiello1, N Normanno2, E Maiello3, E Martinelli4, T Troiani4, S Pisconti5, F Giuliani6, C Barone7, G Cartenì8, A M Rachiglio2, V Montesarchio9, G Tonini10, D Rizzi6, S Cinieri11, R Bordonaro12, A Febbraro13, F De Vita4, M Orditura4, F Fenizia2, M Lambiase2, A Rinaldi14, F Tatangelo2, G Botti15, G Colucci6. 1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 'F. Magrassi', Medical Oncology, Second University of Naples, Naples fortunato.ciardiello@unina2.it. 2. Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, National Cancer Institute 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', Naples. 3. Medical Oncology, Hospital Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza-San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), San Giovanni Rotondo. 4. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 'F. Magrassi', Medical Oncology, Second University of Naples, Naples. 5. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital SS. Annunziata, Taranto. 6. Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari. 7. Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital A. Gemelli, Rome. 8. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital 'A. Cardarelli', Naples. 9. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Monaldi- Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Napoles. 10. Department of Medical Oncology, Univeristy Hospital Campus Bio-Medico di Rome, Rome. 11. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital A. Perrino, Brindisi. 12. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Garibaldi, Nesima, Catania. 13. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli, Benevento. 14. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Polo Occidentale, Castellaneta, Bari. 15. Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', Naples, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment with antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibodies has been restricted to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with RAS wild-type tumors. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows the assessment in a single analysis of a large number of gene alterations and might provide important predictive and prognostic information. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the CAPRI-GOIM trial, 340 KRAS exon 2 wild-type mCRC patients received first-line FOLFIRI plus cetuximab. Tumor samples (182/340, 53.5%) were assessed by NGS to search for mutations in 22 genes involved in colon cancer. RESULTS: Objective responses in the NGS cohort were observed in 104/182 patients [overall response rate (ORR) 57.1%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 52% to 66.4%] with a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 9.8 (95% CI 8.7-11.5) months. NGS analysis was successfully completed in all 182 samples. One or more gene mutations (up to five) were detected in 124/182 (68.1%) tumors within 14/22 genes for a total of 206 mutations. KRAS exon 2 mutations were identified in 29/182 (15.9%) samples, defined as wild type by local laboratory assessment. Frequently mutated genes were: TP53 (39.6%), KRAS exons 3/4 (8.8%), NRAS exons 2/3 (7.1%), PIK3CA exons 9/20 (13.2%), BRAF (8.2%). FOLFIRI plus cetuximab treatment determined ORR of 62.0% (95% CI 55.5% to 74.6%) with mPFS of 11.1 (95% CI 9.2-12.8) months in patients with KRAS and NRAS wild-type tumors. Conversely, ORR was 46.6% (95% CI 39.9-57.5%) with mPFS of 8.9 (95% CI 7.4-9.6) months in patients with KRAS or NRAS mutations. Similarly, the subgroup of patients carrying KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA mutations showed a worse outcome, although this might be due to a prognostic effect. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that NGS analysis in mCRC is feasible, reveals high level of intra and intertumor heterogeneity, and identifies patients that might benefit of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab treatment.
BACKGROUND: Treatment with antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibodies has been restricted to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with RAS wild-type tumors. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows the assessment in a single analysis of a large number of gene alterations and might provide important predictive and prognostic information. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the CAPRI-GOIM trial, 340 KRAS exon 2 wild-type mCRC patients received first-line FOLFIRI plus cetuximab. Tumor samples (182/340, 53.5%) were assessed by NGS to search for mutations in 22 genes involved in colon cancer. RESULTS: Objective responses in the NGS cohort were observed in 104/182 patients [overall response rate (ORR) 57.1%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 52% to 66.4%] with a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 9.8 (95% CI 8.7-11.5) months. NGS analysis was successfully completed in all 182 samples. One or more gene mutations (up to five) were detected in 124/182 (68.1%) tumors within 14/22 genes for a total of 206 mutations. KRAS exon 2 mutations were identified in 29/182 (15.9%) samples, defined as wild type by local laboratory assessment. Frequently mutated genes were: TP53 (39.6%), KRAS exons 3/4 (8.8%), NRAS exons 2/3 (7.1%), PIK3CA exons 9/20 (13.2%), BRAF (8.2%). FOLFIRI plus cetuximab treatment determined ORR of 62.0% (95% CI 55.5% to 74.6%) with mPFS of 11.1 (95% CI 9.2-12.8) months in patients with KRAS and NRAS wild-type tumors. Conversely, ORR was 46.6% (95% CI 39.9-57.5%) with mPFS of 8.9 (95% CI 7.4-9.6) months in patients with KRAS or NRAS mutations. Similarly, the subgroup of patients carrying KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA mutations showed a worse outcome, although this might be due to a prognostic effect. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that NGS analysis in mCRC is feasible, reveals high level of intra and intertumor heterogeneity, and identifies patients that might benefit of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab treatment.
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