Gerardo Carpinella1, Gennaro Pagano1, Francesco Buono1, Marta Petitto1, Giovanna Guarino1, Giuseppe Orefice1, Giuseppe Rengo1, Bruno Trimarco2, Carmine Morisco3.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whether the combination of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) affects the cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with uncomplicated hypertension is poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of LVH, CKD, and their combination on CV events in hypertension.
METHODS: This study analyzed 1,078 patients with essential hypertension.
RESULTS: LVH was present in 104 (9.6%) patients, CKD was present in 556 (51.5%) patients, and the combination of LVH and CKD was found in 174 (16.1%) patients. During the follow-up (median = 84 months), 52 CV events were observed (0.64 events/100 patient-years): 6 (2.4%) in patients without target-organ damage (TOD), 6 (5.7%) in patients with LVH, 20 (3.6%) in patients with CKD, and 20 (11.4%) in patients with combined LVH+CKD. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CV events was 1.62 (P = 0.34) for LVH, 0.951 (P = 0.94) for CKD, and 2.45 (P = 0.03) for LVH+CKD. After multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the combination of LVH+CKD was significantly associated with risk of CV events, when the model was adjusted for sex and age (HR = 2.447; P = 0.03) and for the presence of 1 CV risk factor (HR = 3.226; P = 0.02). In contrast, the association of LVH+CKD was no longer significant when the model was adjusted for sex, age, and the presence of ≥ 2 CV risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study highlight the relevance of the interactions between TODs and hemodynamic, anthropometric, and metabolic abnormalities in the CV risk stratification of patients with essential hypertension. © American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
BACKGROUND: Whether the combination of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) affects the cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with uncomplicated hypertension is poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of LVH, CKD, and their combination on CV events in hypertension.
METHODS: This study analyzed 1,078 patients with essential hypertension.
RESULTS: LVH was present in 104 (9.6%) patients, CKD was present in 556 (51.5%) patients, and the combination of LVH and CKD was found in 174 (16.1%) patients. During the follow-up (median = 84 months), 52 CV events were observed (0.64 events/100 patient-years): 6 (2.4%) in patients without target-organ damage (TOD), 6 (5.7%) in patients with LVH, 20 (3.6%) in patients with CKD, and 20 (11.4%) in patients with combined LVH+CKD. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CV events was 1.62 (P = 0.34) for LVH, 0.951 (P = 0.94) for CKD, and 2.45 (P = 0.03) for LVH+CKD. After multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the combination of LVH+CKD was significantly associated with risk of CV events, when the model was adjusted for sex and age (HR = 2.447; P = 0.03) and for the presence of 1 CV risk factor (HR = 3.226; P = 0.02). In contrast, the association of LVH+CKD was no longer significant when the model was adjusted for sex, age, and the presence of ≥ 2 CV risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study highlight the relevance of the interactions between TODs and hemodynamic, anthropometric, and metabolic abnormalities in the CV risk stratification of patients with essential hypertension. © American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Entities:
Keywords:
blood pressure; cardiovascular risk; chronic kidney disease; essential hypertension; hypertension; left ventricular hypertrophy; myocardial infarction; stroke
Mesh：
Substances：
Year: 2014
PMID： 24936579 DOI： 10.1093/ajh/hpu098
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Am J Hypertens ISSN： 0895-7061 Impact factor: 2.689