Measurement of dipole potential in bilayer lipid membranes by dielectric spectroscopy.

Planar bilayer lipid membranes formed from egg phosphatidylcholine in aqueous media containing the lipophilic anion, dipicrylamine (DPA), were studied by dielectric spectroscopy over a frequency range of 10 Hz-10 MHz. The membranes showed dielectric relaxation due to the translocation of DPA between the membrane interfaces. Incorporating either cholesterol or 6-ketocholestanol into the membranes increased the characteristic frequency of the relaxation, which is proportional to the translocation rate constant of DPA. The results suggested that the sterol dipoles induced positive potential changes within the membrane interior. The changes of the dipole potential were 70 mV for cholesterol and 150 mV for 6-ketocholestanol when the sterol mole fraction was 0.67. The opposite effect was caused by phloretin added to the aqueous media, and the maximum dipole potential change was -90 mV at 100 μM.