Clinical features of pulmonary aspergillosis associated with interstitial pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: We retrospectively investigated the clinical features of pulmonary aspergillosis associated with interstitial pneumonia.
METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients treated for interstitial pneumonia with or without pulmonary aspergillosis at our institution between April 2006 and August 2012 and evaluated the clinical features as well as risk and prognostic factors for pulmonary aspergillosis associated with interstitial pneumonia.
RESULTS: Among 539 patients with interstitial pneumonia, 15 who suffered from pulmonary aspergillosis were identified. The median age was 69.2±7.0 years, and fourteen patients were men. The subtypes of pulmonary aspergillosis were chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (n=14) and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (n=1). The forms of interstitial pneumonia included idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n=9), rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial pneumonia (n=4) and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (n=2). The underlying conditions were emphysema (n=9) and a history of oral corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive use (n=4). Home oxygen therapy (HOT) was administered in 11 patients. Following the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis, all patients were treated with antifungal drugs. Ten patients (66.6%) died. A comparison of the interstitial pneumonia patients with and without pulmonary aspergillosis showed that the presence of emphysema, use of HOT and death were significantly associated with pulmonary aspergillosis.
CONCLUSION: Pulmonary aspergillosis is one of the major complications of interstitial pneumonia and its prognosis is poor. Therefore, providing careful monitoring and proper treatment is extremely important.