Pedro A S Rocha-Filho1, Patricia V Santos. 1. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Just a few studies to date have focused on headaches, quality of life, and academic performance in children. OBJECTIVE: Determine the effect of headaches on the life of schoolchildren and the association between headaches and academic performance. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study. One hundred and ninety-five students from an elementary school were randomly selected out of 355 students aged from 10 to 15 years old. Semi-structured interview, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0, the Children's Depression Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. The variables relating to academic performance were obtained by consulting the academic records. RESULTS: Prevalence of headaches: headache: 97.3% (179/184); migraine: 51% (94/184); tension-type headache: 33% (61/184); primary stabbing headache: 7.6% (14/184); unclassified headaches: 5.4% (10/184). Migraine (relative risk: 3.11; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-6.30) and more severe headaches (relative risk: 7.93; 95% confidence interval: 2.65-23.7) were associated with lower quality of life (P < .01; multivariate logistic regression). More severe headaches were associated with lower grades in school (P < .01; multiple linear regression). Variables relating to headaches were not associated with "failing the school year" (P > .05; chi-square test and Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: Headaches were found to be associated with lower quality of life and poor academic performance.
BACKGROUND: Just a few studies to date have focused on headaches, quality of life, and academic performance in children. OBJECTIVE: Determine the effect of headaches on the life of schoolchildren and the association between headaches and academic performance. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study. One hundred and ninety-five students from an elementary school were randomly selected out of 355 students aged from 10 to 15 years old. Semi-structured interview, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0, the Children's Depression Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. The variables relating to academic performance were obtained by consulting the academic records. RESULTS: Prevalence of headaches: headache: 97.3% (179/184); migraine: 51% (94/184); tension-type headache: 33% (61/184); primary stabbing headache: 7.6% (14/184); unclassified headaches: 5.4% (10/184). Migraine (relative risk: 3.11; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-6.30) and more severe headaches (relative risk: 7.93; 95% confidence interval: 2.65-23.7) were associated with lower quality of life (P < .01; multivariate logistic regression). More severe headaches were associated with lower grades in school (P < .01; multiple linear regression). Variables relating to headaches were not associated with "failing the school year" (P > .05; chi-square test and Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION:Headaches were found to be associated with lower quality of life and poor academic performance.
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