Mohamed Abdel-Wahab1, Ralf Zahn2, Ulrich Gerckens3, Axel Linke4, Horst Sievert5, Ulrich Schäfer6, Philipp Kahlert7, Rainer Hambrecht8, Stefan Sack9, Ellen Hoffmann10, Jochen Senges11, Steffen Schneider11, Gert Richardt1. 1. Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany. 2. Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany. 3. Department of Cardiology, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Bonn, Germany. 4. Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 5. Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Sankt Katharinen, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 6. Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Clinics Sankt Georg, Hamburg, Germany. 7. Department of Cardiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany. 8. Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Bremen, Bremen, Germany. 9. Department of Cardiology, München Schwabing Clinic, Munich, Germany. 10. Department of Cardiology, München-Bogenhausen Clinic, Munich, Germany. 11. Institute of Myocardial Infarction Research, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Residual aortic regurgitation (AR) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been associated with increased mortality. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of these patients survives and appears to tolerate AR. Identification of patients at higher risk of death may assist in tailoring therapy, but predictors of mortality in this subset of patients is largely unknown. METHODS: A total of 1432 patients were included in the German TAVI registry. One-year follow-up data were available for 1318 patients (92%). Of the latter, 201 patients (15.2%) had more-than-mild AR as evaluated by angiography and represent the population of the current analysis. Among these patients, baseline demographic, clinical, echocardiographic and angiographic characteristics were compared among survivors and non-survivors to identify factors associated with mortality at 1 year. RESULTS: Mean age was 81.2±6.6 years and men represented 55%. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was 22±15%. Overall, 92% of patients received the Medtronic CoreValve and 8% received the Edwards Sapien valve. At 1 year, 61 patients (31%) with more-than-mild post-TAVI AR had died. Compared with patients who survived, patients who died had more commonly coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease and chronic renal impairment. Patients who died had a lower baseline LVEF (44±18% vs 52±16%, p=0.002), higher prevalence of more-than-mild (≥2+) mitral regurgitation (44% vs 27%, p=0.001), and a higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (51±18 mm Hg vs 44±19 mm Hg, p=0.002), but the severity of aortic stenosis was similar, and the prevalence and severity of pre-TAVI AR was comparable (any AR in 88% vs 83%, respectively, p=0.29). Using Cox regression analysis, only baseline mitral regurgitation ≥2+ (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.99, p=0.03) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.33, p=0.04) were independently associated with 1-year mortality, while female gender was protective (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.96, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: We identified preprocedural characteristics associated with 1-year mortality in patients with more-than-mild AR after TAVI. More-than-mild baseline mitral regurgitation, higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure and male gender were independently associated with worse outcome. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
OBJECTIVE: Residual aortic regurgitation (AR) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been associated with increased mortality. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of these patients survives and appears to tolerate AR. Identification of patients at higher risk of death may assist in tailoring therapy, but predictors of mortality in this subset of patients is largely unknown. METHODS: A total of 1432 patients were included in the German TAVI registry. One-year follow-up data were available for 1318 patients (92%). Of the latter, 201 patients (15.2%) had more-than-mild AR as evaluated by angiography and represent the population of the current analysis. Among these patients, baseline demographic, clinical, echocardiographic and angiographic characteristics were compared among survivors and non-survivors to identify factors associated with mortality at 1 year. RESULTS: Mean age was 81.2±6.6 years and men represented 55%. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was 22±15%. Overall, 92% of patients received the Medtronic CoreValve and 8% received the Edwards Sapien valve. At 1 year, 61 patients (31%) with more-than-mild post-TAVI AR had died. Compared with patients who survived, patients who died had more commonly coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease and chronic renal impairment. Patients who died had a lower baseline LVEF (44±18% vs 52±16%, p=0.002), higher prevalence of more-than-mild (≥2+) mitral regurgitation (44% vs 27%, p=0.001), and a higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (51±18 mm Hg vs 44±19 mm Hg, p=0.002), but the severity of aortic stenosis was similar, and the prevalence and severity of pre-TAVI AR was comparable (any AR in 88% vs 83%, respectively, p=0.29). Using Cox regression analysis, only baseline mitral regurgitation ≥2+ (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.99, p=0.03) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.33, p=0.04) were independently associated with 1-year mortality, while female gender was protective (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.96, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: We identified preprocedural characteristics associated with 1-year mortality in patients with more-than-mild AR after TAVI. More-than-mild baseline mitral regurgitation, higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure and male gender were independently associated with worse outcome. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
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