Flavobacterium faecale sp. nov., an agarase-producing species isolated from stools of Antarctic penguins.

Taxonomic studies were performed on an agarase-producing strain, designated WV33(T), isolated from faeces of Antarctic penguins. Cells of strain WV33(T) were Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, orange and rod-shaped. Strain WV33(T) displayed agarase activity and was able to utilize galactose as a sole carbon source. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain WV33(T) was closely related to Flavobacterium algicola TC2(T) (98.0% similarity), F. frigidarium ATCC 700810(T) (96.9%) and F. frigoris LMG 21922(T) (96.1%). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 1) G, iso-C(15 : 0), C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c). Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the sole quinone identified, and the major pigment was zeaxanthin. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain WV33(T) with respect to its closest phylogenetic neighbours was 25% for F. algicola NBRC 102673(T), 23% for F. frigidarium DSM 17623(T) and 21% for F. frigoris DSM 15719(T). The DNA G+C content of strain WV33(T) was 37±0.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain WV33(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium faecale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WV33(T) ( = KCTC 32457(T) = CECT 8384(T)).