Literature DB >> 24891823

Millipedes and centipedes in German greenhouses (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda).

Peter Decker1, Hans Simon Reip1, Karin Voigtländer1.   

Abstract

A review is given of all the literature records of millipedes and centipedes that have been found in German greenhouses together with additional records for 29 such sites. Species lists are given for 46 greenhouses investigated throughout Germany. Thirty-five diplopod and 18 chilopod species were found to occur in greenhouses, of which 15 (3 Chilopoda, 12 Diplopoda) are restricted to this type of habitat. First records for Germany include Anadenobolusmonilicornis (Porat, 1876), Epinannolenecf.trinidadensis Chamberlin, 1918, Epinannolene sp., Mesoiulusgridellii Strasser, 1934, Leptogoniulussorornus (Butler, 1876), Rhinotuspurpureus (Pocock, 1894), Cryptopsdoriae Pocock, 1891, Lamyctescoeculus (Brölemann, 1889) and Tygarrupjavanicus (Attems, 1907). The millipedes Oxidusgracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847) and Amphitomeusattemsi (Schubart, 1934) and the centipedes Lithobiusforficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Cryptopshortensis (Donovan, 1810) are the species most frequently found in greenhouses.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Germany; Millipedes; centipedes; first records; hothouse; review

Year:  2014        PMID： 24891823      PMCID： PMC4031429          DOI： 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1066

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Biodivers Data J        ISSN： 1314-2828


Introduction

Greenhouses provide different environmental conditions for animal colonization and survival compared with natural or synanthropic habitats outside. Greenhouses are characterized by a lack of frost and higher, usually constant temperatures, high humidity, permanent, regular watering, the presence of plants from mostly tropical countries and lack of or only low amounts of leaf litter and dead wood provide a more or less unique ecosystem inside such artificial buildings. Examples of possible pathways of introduction of myriapods in the greenhouses can be found in Attems (1901) and Kraepelin (1901). Myriapods from all developmental stages (eggs, juveniles, adults) can be introduced easily within soil and other substrates associated with plants during shipment. The apparent  first record of a myriapod species from greenhouses in Germany is that by Schnur (1857), who recorded " C. L. Koch, 1837". This species should be referred to either (Donovan, 1810) or Brölemann, 1920 (Attems 1930: 211). Which of these two species in fact was found by Schnur (1857) cannot be certain now today because the specimens have been lost. Another species recorded by Schnur (1857) is (as ). The identity of this species is doubtful and its specific status requires verification (Bonato and Minelli 2004). The same is true for the records by Latzel (1895) ( Newport, 1844, later repeated as by Jeekel (1964a)) and Eichler (1952). Latzel (1895) recorded (as ), , and (as Latzel, 1885) (Fig. 1) from a hothouse in a nursery in Hamburg and (as Porat, 1899) from a tannery near Hamburg. The record of was wrongly referred to the tannery in Bergedorf near Hamburg by Schubart (1934).
Figure 1.

Living individual of in the Hamburg Botanical Garden.

Silvestri (1907) later described Silvestri, 1907 from plant soil in the Hamburg Botanical Garden, but this species has never been found subsequently. Reports of other species were published by Boettger (1929), Hahmann (1929a), Hahmann (1929b), Schubart (1925), Schubart (1929b), Schubart (1929a), Verhoeff (1891), Verhoeff (1907), Verhoeff (1934) and other authors. Most of these are summarized by Eichler (1952) together with his own observations in the Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden. In total this author listed 20 diplopod and nine chilopod species for Germany. In the following decades sparse records by Adis et al. (2000), Decker and Hannig (2011), Golovatch et al. (2001), Jeekel (1964a), Läffert (1984), Richter (1967), Schubart (1957), Thiele (1968), Wilck (2000) increased the number of species known from German greenhouses to a total of 23 diplopod and 12 chilopod species. With regard to the other two myriapod groups, no are so far known from German greenhouses and for the three species Scheller, 2002, (Hansen, 1903) and (Hansen, 1903) were recorded from the greenhouses in the Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden (Scheller 2008). We did not carry out further investigationa for these two groups. Records of millipedes and centipedes in greenhouses for most of other European countries are mostly scattered in the literature, e.g.: Austria (Golovatch and Sierwald 2001, Golovatch et al. 2001a, Golovatch et al. 2001, Gruber and Christian 2002, Gruber 2002), Belgium (Kime 2004), Denmark (Andersson et al. 2005, Blower and Rundle 1986, Enghoff 1975, Enghoff 1987), Czech Republic (Kocourek 2013), France (Brölemann 1896, Geoffroy and Iorio 2009, Gervais 1836, Golovatch and Sierwald 2001, Golovatch et al. 2001), Netherlands (Berg et al. 2008, Jeekel 1953), Poland (Jedryczkowski 1982, Jedryczkowski 1996), Slovakia (Mock 2001), Sweden (Andersson et al. 2005, Blower and Rundle 1986, Lohmander 1925, Porat 1889) and Switzerland (Bigler 1913, Holzapfel 1932, Pedroli-Christen 1993). Only the greenhouse fauna of Great Britain is quite well studied (e.g. Barber 1992, Barber 2005, Barber 2009, Blower 1985, Blower and Rundle 1980, Blower and Rundle 1986, Lee 2005a, Lee 2005b, Lee 2006, Lewis 2007, Pocock 1906, Read 2008) but lacks a comprehensive overview. A general overview of alien myriapods in Europe is provided by Stoev et al. (2010). Currently, the increasing number of new constructions of tropical houses in Germany (Fig. 2) as pleasure grounds, butterfly houses or similar institutions has increased the number of exotic plants, mostly imported directly from tropical countries. The exchange of common plant stocks among botanical gardens has also supported the dispersal of alien myriapods.
Figure 2.

View from the top-of-the-tree-path in the greenhouse 'Gondwanaland', Zoological Garden Leipzig. Photograph: N. Lindner.

Materials and methods

In total, data for 46 greenhouses has been compiled (Table 1). Records from botanical gardens were not included if they had been made outside the greenhouses. Altogether we provide data for 53 species (35 and 18 ) found in German greenhouses.
Table 1.

List of all investigated greenhouses in Germany.

CityName of localityLiterature(Re-)Investigated in this study
BayreuthBayreuth Ecological Botanical Garden×
BerlinBerlin Old Botanical Garden Eichler 1952
Berlin-Dahlem Botanical GardenBoettger 1929, Eichler 1952, Golovatch et al. 2001, Schubart 1934, Schubart 1929b×
Berlin Zoological Garden×
(Cemetary) nurseries, without exact localitySchubart 1929b, Schubart 1957
Horticulture company in Berlin-Zehlendorf Boettger 1929
BochumBochum Botanical Garden×
BonnBonn Botanical Garden Decker and Hannig 2011 ×
Hothouse of Mr. Biesing Verhoeff 1891
DarmstadtDarmstadt Botanical Garden×
DresdenDresden Botanical Garden Richter 1967 ×
DüsseldorfAquazoo-Löbbecke Museum Adis et al. 2000
DuisburgHothouse, without exact locality×
Frankfurt am MainPalm Garden Heußler 2009 ×
GießenGießen Botanical Garden Läffert 1984
HalleHalle Botanical Garden Schubart 1934 ×
HamburgHamburg Botanical GardenJeekel 1964a, Silvestri 1907×
Hothouses in Hamburg-WandsbeckHahmann 1929a, Hahmann 1929b
Nursery, without exact locality Latzel 1895
Tannery, without exact locality Latzel 1895
Greenhouse, without exact locality Latzel 1895
HannoverHothouse, without exact locality Schubart 1934
JenaJena Botanical Garden×
KamenHothouse, without exact locality Verhoeff 1934
KarlsruheKarlsruhe Botanical Garden×
KielKiel Botanical GardenAdis et al. 2000, Wilck 2000
Greenhouse, without exact locality×
Köln/CologneCologne Botanical Garden Decker and Hannig 2011 ×
Zoological Institut at Weyertal Thiele 1968
KonstanzMainau, Butterfly house×
LeipzigLeipzig Botanical Garden×
Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland×
Nursery garden and horticulture×
LübeckPalm house Schubart 1925
MainzMainz Botanical Garden×
City Park×
MagdeburgGruson-Greenhouses×
MarburgMarburg Botanical Garden×
MarlowOrnithological Park Marlow×
München/MunichMünchen-Nymphenburg Botanical Garden Boettger 1929 ×
OldenburgOldenburg Botanical Garden×
PotsdamPotsdam Botanical Garden×
Terrace nursery Park Sanssouce Schubart 1929b ×
Biosphere Potsdam×
Horticulture company in Potsdam-Neubabelsberg Schubart 1957
RostockRostock Botanical Garden Schubart 1929a
TharandtTharandt Botanical Forest Garden×
TrierGreenhouse, without exact locality Schnur 1857
The present investigation is based on a comprehensive review of the literature and an analysis of the collections of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz (SMNG), the Museum of Natural History Berlin (ZMB), as well as of the data available in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, http://www.gbif.org, Edwards et al. 2000) and in the database on soil zoology, Edaphobase (http://www.edaphobase.org, Burkhardt et al. 2014). In addition the myriapod faunas of 29 German greenhouses were investigated or reinvestigated by us (Table 1). For this part of our study Norman Lindner (Leipzig) provided highly valuable material from greenhouses in Berlin, Dresden, Konstanz, Leipzig and Potsdam. Altogether we collected more than 1800 specimens belonging to 41 species (29 , 12 ). The sampling was done mainly by hand searching under stones or rotten plants and logs. Pitfall traps were used only in the Palm Garden in Frankfurt in 2008 by Heußler (2009), whose diploma thesis results are also included in the present study. Material from these new samples has been mainly deposited in the collections of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz (SMNG). Record data is available online via the data portals of GBIF and Edaphobase. The full data sets with detailed information on site parameters, microhabitats and collection methods are available as Suppl. material 1. An overview of species and the cities is given in Suppl. material 2. The natural distribution area is given for each species. Nomenclature and classification follows Voigtländer et al. (2011).

Checklists

Checklist of centipedes and millipedes in German greenhouses

Latreille, 1817 Pocock, 1895 Pocock, 1901 (Brölemann, 1889) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: March - April 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84

Distribution

Southern hemisphere Newport, 1844 L. Koch, 1862 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kamen; verbatimLocality: hothouse near Kamen; decimalLatitude: 51.5900; decimalLongitude: 7.6600; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 5800; Event: eventDate: 15 April 1905; Record Level: source: Verhoeff 1934 Europe L. Koch, 1862 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Darmstadt; verbatimLocality: Darmstadt Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.8700; decimalLongitude: 8.6798; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 20 January 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Mainz; verbatimLocality: Mainz Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.9925; decimalLongitude: 8.2454; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 04 November 2006 Europe (Linnaeus, 1758) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J. Neubauer & K. Lebermann; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bayreuth; verbatimLocality: Bayreuth Ecological Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9810; decimalLongitude: 13.5730; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 500; Event: eventDate: January - February 2012 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: greenhouses of horticulture company Bermann Rothe; decimalLatitude: 52.4320; decimalLongitude: 13.2580; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 3000; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Darmstadt; verbatimLocality: Darmstadt Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.8700; decimalLongitude: 8.6798; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 20 January 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 53.5500; decimalLongitude: 9.9900; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 10000; Record Level: source: Latzel 1895 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: nursery garden and horticulture Felgenträger; decimalLatitude: 51.3690; decimalLongitude: 12.4400; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 09 November 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Magdeburg; verbatimLocality: Gruson-Greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 52.1139; decimalLongitude: 11.6315; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 June 2012 Europe Meinert, 1872 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Old Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4565; decimalLongitude: 13.3074; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe Newport, 1845 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & M. Köhler; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Zoological Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.5102; decimalLongitude: 13.3366; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kamen; verbatimLocality: hothouse near Kamen; decimalLatitude: 51.5900; decimalLongitude: 7.6600; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 5800; Event: eventDate: 15 April 1905; Record Level: source: Verhoeff 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: December 1998 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: nursery garden and horticulture Felgenträger; decimalLatitude: 51.3690; decimalLongitude: 12.4400; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 09 November 2008 Europe Meinert, 1868 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: greenhouses of horticulture company Bermann Rothe; decimalLatitude: 52.4320; decimalLongitude: 13.2580; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 3000; Event: eventDate: 15 June 1949; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Europe L. Koch, 1862 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Magdeburg; verbatimLocality: Gruson-Greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 52.1139; decimalLongitude: 11.6315; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 June 2012 Europe Pocock, 1895 Kohlrausch, 1881 (Donovan, 1810) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Konstanz; verbatimLocality: Mainau, butterfly house; decimalLatitude: 47.7068; decimalLongitude: 9.1951; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 21 April 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Magdeburg; verbatimLocality: Gruson-Greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 52.1139; decimalLongitude: 11.6315; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 June 2012 Europe Pocock, 1891 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Biosphere Potsdam; decimalLatitude: 52.4185; decimalLongitude: 13.0486; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 19 August 2013 Asia Pocock, 1895 Cook, 1896 (Newport, 1845) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: December 1996 Europe Leach, 1815 (De Geer, 1778) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 June 1949; Record Level: source: Jeekel 1964 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: December 1999 Europe (Linnaeus, 1758) Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe (C.L.Koch, 1835) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 4; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Magdeburg; verbatimLocality: Gruson-Greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 52.1139; decimalLongitude: 11.6315; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 June 2012 Europe Bollman, 1893 (Shaw, 1794) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 December 1950; Record Level: source: Jeekel 1964 Europe Bollman, 1893 (Gervais, 1837) Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Trier; verbatimLocality: surroundings of Trier; decimalLatitude: 49.7530; decimalLongitude: 6.6400; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 5000; Record Level: source: Schnur 1857 Asia (Attems, 1907) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: December 1995 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: March - April 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Biosphere Potsdam; decimalLatitude: 52.4185; decimalLongitude: 13.0486; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 19 August 2013 Asia Cook, 1896 Silvestri, 1907 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Silvestri 1907 Asia de Blainville in Gervais, 1844 Brandt, 1833 C. L. Koch, 1847 (Brade-Birks, 1920) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 8; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 June 2010 Europe (Bosc, 1792) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & S. Worch; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 January 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 4; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 4; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 131; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14-28 August 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Jena; verbatimLocality: Jena Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9308; decimalLongitude: 11.5858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 March 2004, 11 April 2008 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Zoological Institut at Weyertal; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Thiele 1968 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Rostock; verbatimLocality: Rostock Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 54.0915; decimalLongitude: 12.0949; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 04 March 1926; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929b Europe (Bigler, 1913) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Jena; verbatimLocality: Jena Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9308; decimalLongitude: 11.5858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 11 April 2008 Europe (Nĕmec, 1895) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a, Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 12; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 19 March 2004, 29 April 2005 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 9; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 9; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Schmidt; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bochum; verbatimLocality: Bochum Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.4433; decimalLongitude: 7.2669; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: November 2005 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 17 November 1964; Record Level: source: Richter 1967 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & S. Worch; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 January 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 19; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: March-July 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 November 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 40; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 November 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 23; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Jena; verbatimLocality: Jena Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9308; decimalLongitude: 11.5858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 March 2004, 19 March 2004 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 8; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Karlsruhe; verbatimLocality: Karlsruhe Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.0136; decimalLongitude: 8.4011; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 April 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 June 2010 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Zoological Institut at Weyertal; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Thiele 1968 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: December 1999 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 12 December 1995 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 33; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Magdeburg; verbatimLocality: Gruson-Greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 52.1139; decimalLongitude: 11.6315; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 June 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Mainz; verbatimLocality: Mainz Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.9925; decimalLongitude: 8.2454; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 04 November 2006 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 25; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Rostock; verbatimLocality: Rostock Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 54.0915; decimalLongitude: 12.0949; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 04 March 1926; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929b Europe (Gervais, 1847) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & M. Köhler; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Zoological Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.5102; decimalLongitude: 13.3366; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a, Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 14; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 4; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 November 2011 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Kamen; verbatimLocality: hothouse near Kamen; decimalLatitude: 51.5900; decimalLongitude: 7.6600; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 5800; Event: eventDate: 15 April 1905; Record Level: source: Verhoeff 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Wilck, Adis & Golovatch; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kiel; verbatimLocality: Kiel Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 54.3470; decimalLongitude: 10.1158; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 1998–11 September 1999; Record Level: source: Wilck 2000 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 26; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: terrace nursery Park Sanssouci; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a Europe (Am Stein, 1857) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boettger; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Europe Leach, 1814 (Bosc, 1792) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 March 2008-11 April 2008 Europe (Verhoeff, 1891) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boettger; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a, Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boettger; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: horticulture company Bermann Rothe (Beyroth) in Berlin-Zehlendorf; decimalLatitude: 52.4320; decimalLongitude: 13.2580; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 3000; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 7; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bonn; verbatimLocality: Bonn Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.7243; decimalLongitude: 7.0913; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 17 November 1964; Record Level: source: Richter 1967 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & S. Worch; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 January 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 November 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 45; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kamen; verbatimLocality: hothouse near Kamen; decimalLatitude: 51.5900; decimalLongitude: 7.6600; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 5800; Event: eventDate: 15 April 1905; Record Level: source: Verhoeff 1934 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Lübeck; verbatimLocality: palm house; decimalLatitude: 53.8670; decimalLongitude: 10.6870; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 5000; Record Level: source: Schubart 1925 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: terrace nursery Park Sanssouci; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a Europe (Wood, 1864) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 April 2005 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boettger; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929, Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boettger; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: horticulture company Bermann Rothe (Beyroth) in Berlin-Zehlendorf; decimalLatitude: 52.4320; decimalLongitude: 13.2580; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 3000; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929, Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 11; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 11 April 2008-25 April 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 08 November 2008 Europe (Curtis, 1845) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; individualCount: 2; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: March 2008-May 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kiel; verbatimLocality: hothouse; decimalLatitude: 54.3200; decimalLongitude: 10.1400; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 10000; Event: eventDate: 08 November 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 26; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Oldenburg; verbatimLocality: Oldenburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.1486; decimalLongitude: 8.1942; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 November 2013 Europe (Leach, 1815) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & M. Köhler; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Zoological Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.5102; decimalLongitude: 13.3366; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Old Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4565; decimalLongitude: 13.3074; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe (Silvestri, 1896) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & M. Köhler; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Zoological Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.5102; decimalLongitude: 13.3366; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 39; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 19 March 2004, 29 April 2005 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: >3; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a, Boettger 1929, Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 10; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & S. Worch; individualCount: 8; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 January 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 17; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 March 2008-17 July 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 23; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 08 November 2008, 28 November 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 11; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Jena; verbatimLocality: Jena Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9308; decimalLongitude: 11.5858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 11 April 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kamen; verbatimLocality: hothouse near Kamen; decimalLatitude: 51.5900; decimalLongitude: 7.6600; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 5800; Event: eventDate: 15 April 1905; Record Level: source: Verhoeff 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 57; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Karlsruhe; verbatimLocality: Karlsruhe Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.0136; decimalLongitude: 8.4011; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 April 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Wilck, Adis & Golovatch; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kiel; verbatimLocality: Kiel Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 54.3470; decimalLongitude: 10.1158; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 1998–11 September 1999 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 13; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 June 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 13; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: nursery garden and horticulture Felgenträger; decimalLatitude: 51.3690; decimalLongitude: 12.4400; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 09 November 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 26 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 30; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Magdeburg; verbatimLocality: Gruson-Greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 52.1139; decimalLongitude: 11.6315; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 June 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Mainz; verbatimLocality: Mainz Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.9925; decimalLongitude: 8.2454; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 04 November 2006 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: München [Munich]; verbatimLocality: München-Nymphenburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 48.1606; decimalLongitude: 11.5021; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 May 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 40; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 North Africa (Berlese, 1888) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Europe (C. L. Koch, 1847) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; individualCount: 2; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Europe Strasser, 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 11 April 2008-25 April 2008 Europe (Linnaeus, 1758) Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe (C. L. Koch, 1838) Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe Cook, 1895 Brölemann, 1913 (Porat, 1876) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 26 March 2013, 05 April 2013, 28 July 2013 Central America, South America Bollman, 1893 (Gervais, 1836) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a, Schubart 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; individualCount: 6; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 21; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bonn; verbatimLocality: Bonn Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.7243; decimalLongitude: 7.0913; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007; Record Level: source: Decker & Hannig 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 November 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 November 2007 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: tannery; decimalLatitude: 53.4870; decimalLongitude: 10.2150; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 4000; Record Level: source: Latzel 1895 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 26 March 2013, 05 April 2013 South America Attems, 1909 (Butler, 1876) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & M. Köhler; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Zoological Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.5102; decimalLongitude: 13.3366; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 33; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 26 March 2013, 05 April 2013, 28 July 2013 Southeast Asia Brandt, 1833 Silvestri, 1895 Chamberlin, 1918 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 16; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 26 March 2013, 05 April 2013 South America Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 12; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 March 2008-24 October 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 23; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 08 November 2008, 28 November 2011 South America Cook, 1895 Cook, 1895 (Pocock, 1894) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 35; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 March 2008-20 August 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 November 2011 South America Pocock, 1887 Cook, 1895 Pocock, 1889 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & M. Köhler; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Zoological Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.5102; decimalLongitude: 13.3366; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 4; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 April 2005 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: M. Zerm; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: May 2000, August 2000 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 34; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 16; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 November 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 November 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 June 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 11; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 03 April 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 31; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 26 March 2013, 05 April 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker; individualCount: 10; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Mainz; verbatimLocality: Mainz Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.9925; decimalLongitude: 8.2454; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 04 November 2006 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Biosphere Potsdam; decimalLatitude: 52.4185; decimalLongitude: 13.0486; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 19 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 24; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 4; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Oldenburg; verbatimLocality: Oldenburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.1486; decimalLongitude: 8.1942; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 November 2013 Asia Silvestri, 1910 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 8; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bonn; verbatimLocality: Bonn Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.7243; decimalLongitude: 7.0913; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007; Record Level: source: Decker & Hannig 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 51; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 March 2008-24 October 2008; Record Level: source: Decker & Hannig 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 November 2011; Record Level: source: Decker & Hannig 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007; Record Level: source: Decker & Hannig 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 11; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 June 2010; Record Level: source: Decker & Hannig 2011 Indo-Australian region? DeSaussure, 1860 (Schubart, 1934) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 April 2005 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952, Schubart 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 12; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 4; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bochum; verbatimLocality: Bochum Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.4433; decimalLongitude: 7.2669; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 25 June 1905 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bonn; verbatimLocality: Bonn Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.7243; decimalLongitude: 7.0913; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007; Record Level: source: Decker & Hannig 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 03 July 2008-17 July 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 15; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Halle (Saale); verbatimLocality: Halle Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.4894; decimalLongitude: 11.9591; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 09 May 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 11; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 November 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Jena; verbatimLocality: Jena Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9308; decimalLongitude: 11.5858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 March 2004, 11 April 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 11; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Karlsruhe; verbatimLocality: Karlsruhe Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.0136; decimalLongitude: 8.4011; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 April 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Wilck, Adis & Golovatch; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kiel; verbatimLocality: Kiel Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 54.3470; decimalLongitude: 10.1158; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 1998–11 September 1999; Record Level: source: Wilck 2000 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 4; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007; Record Level: source: Decker & Hannig 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 10; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 June 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 23; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 31 December 1995, 03 April 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 29; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Magdeburg; verbatimLocality: Gruson-Greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 52.1139; decimalLongitude: 11.6315; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 June 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker; individualCount: 8; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Mainz; verbatimLocality: Mainz Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.9925; decimalLongitude: 8.2454; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 04 November 2006 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: München [Munich]; verbatimLocality: München-Nymphenburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 48.1606; decimalLongitude: 11.5021; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 May 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Biosphere Potsdam; decimalLatitude: 52.4185; decimalLongitude: 13.0486; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 19 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 33; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 South America Daday, 1889 (C. L. Koch, 1847) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A. Berthold; individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bayreuth; verbatimLocality: Bayreuth Ecological Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9810; decimalLongitude: 13.5730; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 500; Event: eventDate: 23 January 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Hennig; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bayreuth; verbatimLocality: Bayreuth Ecological Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9810; decimalLongitude: 13.5730; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 500; Event: eventDate: 16 February 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & M. Köhler; individualCount: 7; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Zoological Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.5102; decimalLongitude: 13.3366; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 28 September 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 April 2005 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boettger; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 1927-1928; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a, Schubart 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Dahl; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Verhoeff 1907 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 28; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: cemetary nursery in Eythstraße; decimalLatitude: 52.4590; decimalLongitude: 13.3640; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 250; Record Level: source: Schubart 1957 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boettger; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: horticulture company Bermann Rothe (Beyroth) in Berlin-Zehlendorf; decimalLatitude: 52.4320; decimalLongitude: 13.2580; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 3000; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: nursery; decimalLatitude: 52.5200; decimalLongitude: 13.3900; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 20000; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Schmidt; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bochum; verbatimLocality: Bochum Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.4433; decimalLongitude: 7.2669; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: November 2005 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & N. Laufer; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bonn; verbatimLocality: Bonn Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.7243; decimalLongitude: 7.0913; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 14 August 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: K. W. Verhoeff; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Bonn; verbatimLocality: hothouse of Mr. Biesing; decimalLatitude: 50.7315; decimalLongitude: 7.0977; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 3240; Event: eventDate: 08 August 1890; Record Level: source: Verhoeff 1891 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & S. Worch; individualCount: 12; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 January 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Richter; individualCount: 35; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 November 1964, 17 November 1964, 21 November 1964; Record Level: source: Richter 1967 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 8; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Beckers; individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Duisburg; verbatimLocality: greenhouse; decimalLatitude: 51.4300; decimalLongitude: 6.7600; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 10000; Event: eventDate: 20 November 1987 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. Heußler; individualCount: 34; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 06 June 2008-17 July 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 8; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Frankfurt am Main; verbatimLocality: Palm Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.1233; decimalLongitude: 8.6559; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 08 November 2008, 28 November 2011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 9; Location: country: Germany; locality: Gießen; verbatimLocality: Gießen Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.5864; decimalLongitude: 8.6789; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 1973-1974; Record Level: source: Läffert 1984 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 14; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Halle (Saale); verbatimLocality: Halle Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.4894; decimalLongitude: 11.9591; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 09 May 2011 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Halle (Saale; verbatimLocality: hothouse; decimalLatitude: 51.4790; decimalLongitude: 11.9640; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 6000; Record Level: source: Schubart 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: hothouses of the nursery Richers; decimalLatitude: 53.5500; decimalLongitude: 9.9900; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 10000; Record Level: source: Latzel 1895 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 November 2007 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Hannover; verbatimLocality: hothouse; decimalLatitude: 52.3700; decimalLongitude: 9.7400; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 10000; Record Level: source: Schubart 1934 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 15; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Jena; verbatimLocality: Jena Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9308; decimalLongitude: 11.5858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 March 2004, 19 March 2004, 11 April 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 12; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Karlsruhe; verbatimLocality: Karlsruhe Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.0136; decimalLongitude: 8.4011; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 April 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Wilck, Adis & Golovatch; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kiel; verbatimLocality: Kiel Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 54.3470; decimalLongitude: 10.1158; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 1998–11 September 1999; Record Level: source: Wilck 2000 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 8; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Köln [Cologne]; verbatimLocality: Cologne Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9607; decimalLongitude: 6.9692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 June 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Konstanz; verbatimLocality: Mainau, butterfly house; decimalLatitude: 47.7068; decimalLongitude: 9.1951; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 21 April 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 30 November 1995 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: N. Lindner; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: nursery garden and horticulture Felgenträger; decimalLatitude: 51.3690; decimalLongitude: 12.4400; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 09 November 2008 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 26 March 2013, 05 April 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 23; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Magdeburg; verbatimLocality: Gruson-Greenhouses; decimalLatitude: 52.1139; decimalLongitude: 11.6315; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 June 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker; individualCount: 28; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Mainz; verbatimLocality: Mainz Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.9925; decimalLongitude: 8.2454; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 04 November 2006 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Mainz; verbatimLocality: Palm house at city park; decimalLatitude: 49.9897; decimalLongitude: 8.2893; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 1998-2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: M. Reich & S. Schaub-Grüssing; individualCount: 34; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Marburg; verbatimLocality: Marburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.8024; decimalLongitude: 8.8078; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 February 2012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 3; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Marlow; verbatimLocality: Ornithological Park Marlow; decimalLatitude: 54.1449; decimalLongitude: 12.5692; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 31 July 2006 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: München [Munich]; verbatimLocality: München-Nymphenburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 48.1606; decimalLongitude: 11.5021; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Boettger 1929 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Hauser; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Biosphere Potsdam; decimalLatitude: 52.4185; decimalLongitude: 13.0486; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 20 June 1905 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 25; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: horticulture company Bermann Rothe (Beyroth) in Potsdam-Neubabelsberg; decimalLatitude: 52.3990; decimalLongitude: 13.1040; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 3000; Record Level: source: Schubart 1957 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Richter; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Tharandt; verbatimLocality: Tharandt Forest Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 50.9810; decimalLongitude: 13.5730; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 500; Event: eventDate: 23 July 1966 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: D. Matzke; individualCount: 1; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 18 March 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 11; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Oldenburg; verbatimLocality: Oldenburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.1486; decimalLongitude: 8.1942; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 November 2013 East Asia (Eichwald, 1830) Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe Leach, 1815 Latzel, 1884 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 19 March 2004 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Eichler; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a, Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe Latzel, 1884 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Decker & S. Worch; individualCount: 1; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 January 2012 Europe (Linnaeus, 1761) Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg-Wandsbeck; decimalLatitude: 53.5830; decimalLongitude: 10.0850; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 1000; Record Level: source: Hahmann 1929a,Hahmann 1929b Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin Old Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4565; decimalLongitude: 13.3074; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe Latzel, 1884 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 5; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 15 May 2013 Europe Silvestri, 1896 (Porat, 1889) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 2; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 April 2005 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; disposition: ZMB; Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Schubart 1929a Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Dresden; verbatimLocality: Dresden Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.0435; decimalLongitude: 13.7582; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 17 November 1964; Record Level: source: Richter 1967 Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Düsseldorf; verbatimLocality: Aquazoo-Löbbecke Museum; decimalLatitude: 51.2564; decimalLongitude: 6.7497; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Adis et al. 2000 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 7; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: Hamburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.5603; decimalLongitude: 9.9858; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 10 November 2007 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3; Location: country: Germany; locality: Hamburg; verbatimLocality: tannery; decimalLatitude: 53.4870; decimalLongitude: 10.2150; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 4000; Record Level: source: Latzel 1895 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 7; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Karlsruhe; verbatimLocality: Karlsruhe Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 49.0136; decimalLongitude: 8.4011; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 13 April 2010 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Wilck, Adis & Golovatch; individualCount: 2; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kiel; verbatimLocality: Kiel Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 54.3470; decimalLongitude: 10.1158; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 1998–11 September 1999; Record Level: source: Wilck 2000, Adis et al. 2000 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 12; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Leipzig Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 51.3283; decimalLongitude: 12.3912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 08 December 1995, 31 December 1995 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: E. N. Lindner; individualCount: 6; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Leipzig; verbatimLocality: Zoological Garden Leipzig, Gondwanaland; decimalLatitude: 51.3505; decimalLongitude: 12.3716; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 26 March 2013, 05 April 2013 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 53; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Potsdam; verbatimLocality: Potsdam Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4040; decimalLongitude: 13.0250; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 2009 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Reip; individualCount: 27; disposition: SMNG; Location: country: Germany; locality: Oldenburg; verbatimLocality: Oldenburg Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 53.1486; decimalLongitude: 8.1942; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 29 November 2013 South America (Kraus, 1960) Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Wilck, Adis & Golovatch; individualCount: 20; Location: country: Germany; locality: Kiel; verbatimLocality: Kiel Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 54.3470; decimalLongitude: 10.1158; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate: 07 November 1998–11 September 1999; Record Level: source: Wilck 2000, Adis et al. 2000 South America Pocock 1894 C. L. Koch, 1847 (Verhoeff, 1899) Type status: Other material. Location: country: Germany; locality: Berlin; verbatimLocality: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden; decimalLatitude: 52.4548; decimalLongitude: 13.3085; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Record Level: source: Eichler 1952 Europe

Discussion

The present study is the second comprehensive survey of German greenhouse myriapods since Eichler (1952) and is derived from both the existing literature and our own extensive sampling.Eichler (1952) We collected more than 1800 specimens belonging to 41 species (29 , 12 ), which makes a total of 53 species (35 and 18 ) (Suppl. material 2). Six centipedes and 12 millipedes are herewith recorded for the first time from German greenhouses: , , , , , , (Fig. 3), , , , , , spec., , , , and .
Figure 3.

The colourful Caribbean species was only recorded in Gondwanaland, Zoological Garden Leipzig.

(Fig. 4) and the two species of genus are recorded for the first time in Europe. While the first species of fits quite well the original description of by Chamberlin (1918), the second one is probably an undescribed species, closely related to (Silvestri, 1898) and (Brölemann, 1904).
Figure 4.

The tropical tramp species is here recorded for the first time in Europe from the Zoological Garden Leipzig and the Zoological Garden Berlin.

A total of 34% (i.e. 18 species) are species introduced from other continents (Suppl. material 2): 15 % of those recorded have their origin in Southern and Central America, 13% in Asia, 4 % in Australia, and only 2 % in Africa. The total number of non-European species introduced to Germany is higher and includes, for instance, Carl, 1914 in houseplants (Decker and Hannig 2011) and other occasionally introduced species (Attems 1901, Dunger 1965, Jeekel 1964b, Kraepelin 1901, Schubart 1934 pp. 304-306). Stoev et al. (2010) list for Europe 20 alien species of millipedes and 16 of centipedes. Most of the alien species in German greenhouses are also known from other such places in Europe. There are a few species recorded from other European greenhouses which we have not found in Germany yet. These could also be expected to possibly be introduced to or occur in German greenhouses – species such as (Barber 2009), Blower & Rundle, 1980 (Blower and Rundle 1980), and (Brölemann, 1897) (Read 2008) recorded in Great Britain, (Verhoeff, 1901) recorded in Finland (Andersson et al. 2005) and Attems, 1914 recorded from the Netherlands (Soesbergen and Jeekel 2007). Sixty-six per cent of all recorded species (35 in total) are of European origin. Two examples of the successful establishment of indigenous species in greenhouses are and . , followed by , is the most frequently found centipede in German greenhouses. The former normally inhabits natural habitats and areas of human settlement and is frequently found in houses and cellars. Likewise, among indigenous millipedes is the most commonly found. In Germany it prefers synanthropic habitats and occurs on arable and waste land, while, especially in the west and southwest of Germany, it is also known from human settlements (Schubart 1934). About 25% of the recorded species are found exclusively in greenhouses, especially in heated ones, and are thus unlikely to establish outside. These are: , , , , , , species, , , , species, , and . The parthenogenetic species (Fig. 5), and are very frequent (with being the second most common millipede species) and were found in many of the greenhouses investigated.
Figure 5.

The tiny (2.9-3.2 mm) parthenogenetic is a common species in greenhouses.

The East Asian species , which is the most frequent millipede in greenhouses, was observed outdoors in two sites in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate (2003-2009, pers. obs. Decker) during winter, albeit only in very large compost heaps or large accumulations of rotting material with evenly warm-humid conditions. In other European countries is also common in greenhouses, city parks and gardens (Stoev and Korsós 2010). Other species, like the North African and the European species , and , are restricted to anthropogenic, synanthropic habitats and greenhouses. is hitherto known only from a garden in Waltrop, North Rhine-Westphalia (Decker and Hannig 2011) suggesting that this species can also survive in urban habitats. Although currently there are no outdoor records of known from Germany, this species, originally reported from Italy, is known from several urban sites in adjacent Austria (Gruber 2002) and could also inhabit similar biotopes (e.g. gardens, parks or subterranean passageways) in Germany. Occurrence data of and from German greenhouses Data type: Microsoft Excel spreadsheet Brief description: Occurrence data of and from German greenhouses, including the name of the federal state, city, location, site, coordinates, micro-habitat, sampling date, collector, sampled specimens, collection, notes and literature. File: oo_6060.xls Distribution of German greenhouse myriapods across cities Data type: Microsoft Excel spreadsheet Brief description: The dataset provides a complete list of greenhouse myriapods and their distribution across the cities. File: oo_6195.xls
  1 in total

1.  Interoperability of biodiversity databases: biodiversity information on every desktop.

Authors:  J L Edwards; M A Lane; E S Nielsen
Journal:  Science       Date:  2000-09-29       Impact factor: 47.728
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1.  Barcoding of Central European Cryptops centipedes reveals large interspecific distances with ghost lineages and new species records from Germany and Austria (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha).

Authors:  Thomas Wesener; Karin Voigtländer; Peter Decker; Jan Philip Oeyen; Jörg Spelda
Journal:  Zookeys       Date:  2016-02-16       Impact factor: 1.546

2.  First results of the German Barcode of Life (GBOL) - Myriapoda project: Cryptic lineages in German Stenotaenialinearis (Koch, 1835) (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha).

Authors:  Thomas Wesener; Karin Voigtländer; Peter Decker; Jan Philip Oeyen; Jörg Spelda; Norman Lindner
Journal:  Zookeys       Date:  2015-06-30       Impact factor: 1.546
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