Rapidly progressive aortic aneurysmal dilation in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus: too early too severe.

About 10-20% of systemic lupus erythematosus cases occur in children, often with more severe features at onset and more active disease over time compared with adults. Cardiovascular complications are common in this population but thoracic aortic aneurysms rarely occur. Although the pathophysiology of this complication remains unclear, vasculitis seems to play an important role, leading to degeneration and fibrosis of the media and formation of the aneurysm. We report the case of a 9-year-old systemic lupus erythematosus patient with important renal involvement, who underwent aortic replacement surgery for the treatment of an aortic aneurysm. This case highlights the importance of monitoring the thoracic aorta in children with systemic lupus erythematosus and the need for the development of appropriate early management strategies for this serious complication. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.