J Delgado1, M A Bedoya2, M Gaballah2, D W Low3, A M Cahill4. 1. Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: jorge.delgado.londono@gmail.com. 2. Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 3. Department of Plastic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 4. The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate a single institutional experience with percutaneous sclerotherapy of venous malformations (VM) of the foot. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients (mean age 14.6 years; range 6-27.3 years), who underwent 34 sclerotherapy procedures were retrospectively analysed. Technical success, Puig classification, VM size reduction, and the complication rate were evaluated. In procedures in which C-arm computed tomography (CT) was performed, the VM-to-skin surface distance was measured. Additionally, an e-mail-based questionnaire to evaluate the response to sclerotherapy was answered by the patients. RESULTS: Technical success was 97%. The mean number of procedures per patient was 2.1 (range 1-5). In all procedures, sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam was used. Appropriate follow-up was available for 29/33 procedures (88%). Post-procedural complications occurred after 6/29 procedures (21%), all of which were self-limited skin complications. C-arm CT was performed in 19/33 procedures (58%). The lesion-to-skin surface distance was significantly shorter in patients with skin post-procedural complications (p < 0.001). The e-mail-based questionnaire was completed by 13/16 patients (81%). Decrease in swelling, improvement of foot function and a significant decrease in pain (p = 0.003) was reported. No patient reported dis-improvement after sclerotherapy. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous sclerotherapy is an effective option for treating foot VMs. Skin complication rates are higher with shorter VM-to-skin surface distance.
AIM: To evaluate a single institutional experience with percutaneous sclerotherapy of venous malformations (VM) of the foot. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients (mean age 14.6 years; range 6-27.3 years), who underwent 34 sclerotherapy procedures were retrospectively analysed. Technical success, Puig classification, VM size reduction, and the complication rate were evaluated. In procedures in which C-arm computed tomography (CT) was performed, the VM-to-skin surface distance was measured. Additionally, an e-mail-based questionnaire to evaluate the response to sclerotherapy was answered by the patients. RESULTS: Technical success was 97%. The mean number of procedures per patient was 2.1 (range 1-5). In all procedures, sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam was used. Appropriate follow-up was available for 29/33 procedures (88%). Post-procedural complications occurred after 6/29 procedures (21%), all of which were self-limited skin complications. C-arm CT was performed in 19/33 procedures (58%). The lesion-to-skin surface distance was significantly shorter in patients with skin post-procedural complications (p < 0.001). The e-mail-based questionnaire was completed by 13/16 patients (81%). Decrease in swelling, improvement of foot function and a significant decrease in pain (p = 0.003) was reported. No patient reported dis-improvement after sclerotherapy. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous sclerotherapy is an effective option for treating foot VMs. Skin complication rates are higher with shorter VM-to-skin surface distance.
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