Flávia Andressa Pidone Ribeiro1, Carolina Foot Gomes de Moura2, Andrea Pitelli Boiago Gollucke3, Mônica Siqueira Ferreira4, Rodrigo Ramos Catharino4, Odair Aguiar1, Regina Celia Spadari1, Luis Fernando Barbisan5, Daniel Araki Ribeiro6. 1. Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil. 2. Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil. 3. Hexalab, Catholic Santos University, Santos, SP, Brazil. 4. INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, Medicine and Experimental Surgery Nucleus, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 5. Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Paulista State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. 6. Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil; Hexalab, Catholic Santos University, Santos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: daribeiro@unifesp.br.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of an apple extract following medium-term oral carcinogenesis assay induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). METHODS: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were distributed into five groups as follows (n=6 per group): Group 1, negative control group (non-treated group); Group 2, received 4NQO during 8 weeks in drinking water and treated with apple extract at 1% by gavage between the first and fourth weeks daily (initiation phase); Group 3, received 4NQO for 8 weeks in drinking water and treated with apple extract by gavage at 1% between the fifth and eighth weeks daily (promotion phase); Group 4, received apple extract at 1% by gavage for 8 consecutive weeks only; and Group 5, received 4NQO for 8 weeks in drinking water daily. RESULTS: Histopathological analysis revealed decreased hyperplasic lesions in Group 2 when compared with Group 5. Likewise, decreased dysplastic lesions in Group 3 were observed when compared with Group 5. In Groups 2 and 3, decreased COX-2 and TNF-alpha gene expressions were observed when compared with Group 5. Cytochrome c and caspase 3 levels increased in Groups 2 and 3 when compared with Group 5. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results demonstrate that apple extract suppresses rat tongue carcinogenesis as a result of anti-inflammatory activity and apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of an apple extract following medium-term oral carcinogenesis assay induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). METHODS: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were distributed into five groups as follows (n=6 per group): Group 1, negative control group (non-treated group); Group 2, received 4NQO during 8 weeks in drinking water and treated with apple extract at 1% by gavage between the first and fourth weeks daily (initiation phase); Group 3, received 4NQO for 8 weeks in drinking water and treated with apple extract by gavage at 1% between the fifth and eighth weeks daily (promotion phase); Group 4, received apple extract at 1% by gavage for 8 consecutive weeks only; and Group 5, received 4NQO for 8 weeks in drinking water daily. RESULTS: Histopathological analysis revealed decreased hyperplasic lesions in Group 2 when compared with Group 5. Likewise, decreased dysplastic lesions in Group 3 were observed when compared with Group 5. In Groups 2 and 3, decreased COX-2 and TNF-alpha gene expressions were observed when compared with Group 5. Cytochrome c and caspase 3 levels increased in Groups 2 and 3 when compared with Group 5. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results demonstrate that apple extract suppresses rattongue carcinogenesis as a result of anti-inflammatory activity and apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
Authors: Pedro Luiz Menin Ruiz; Bianca Andrade Handan; Carolina Foot Gomes de Moura; Livia Ribeiro Assis; Kelly Rossetti Fernandes; Ana Claudia Muniz Renno; Daniel Araki Ribeiro Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2018-03-26 Impact factor: 4.223