M Juhani Junttila1, Jani T Tikkanen2, Tuomas Kenttä2, Olli Anttonen3, Aapo L Aro4, Kimmo Porthan4, Tuomas Kerola3, Harri A Rissanen5, Paul Knekt5, Heikki V Huikuri2. 1. Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: juhani.junttila@oulu.fi. 2. Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland. 4. Division of Cardiology Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 5. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early repolarization (ER) in the inferior/lateral leads predicts mortality, but whether ER is a specific sign of increased risk for arrhythmic events is not known. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to study the association of ER and arrhythmic events and nonarrhythmic morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We assessed the prognostic significance of ER in a community-based general population of 10,846 middle-aged subjects (mean age 44 ± 8 years). The end-points were sustained ventricular tachycardia or resuscitated ventricular fibrillation (VT-VF), arrhythmic death, nonarrhythmic cardiac death, new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), hospitalization for congestive heart failure, or coronary artery disease during mean follow-up of 30 ± 11 years. ER was defined as ≥0.1-mV elevation of J point in either inferior or lateral leads. RESULTS: After including all risk factors of cardiac mortality and morbidity in Cox regression analysis, inferior ER (prevalence 3.5%) predicted VF-VT events (n = 108 [1.0%]) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-4.5, P = .03) but not nonarrhythmic cardiac death (n = 1235 [12.2%]), AF (n = 1659 [15.2%]), congestive heart failure (n = 1752 [16.1%]), or coronary artery disease (n = 3592 [32.9%]) (P = NS for all). Inferior ER predicted arrhythmic death in cases without other QRS complex abnormalities (multivariate HR 1.68, 95 % CI 1.10-2.58, P = .02) but not in those with ER and other coexisting abnormalities in QRS morphology (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.96, P = .22). CONCLUSION: ER in the inferior leads, especially in cases without other QRS complex abnormalities, predicts the occurrence of VT-VF but not nonarrhythmic cardiac events, suggesting that ER is a specific sign of increased vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
BACKGROUND: Early repolarization (ER) in the inferior/lateral leads predicts mortality, but whether ER is a specific sign of increased risk for arrhythmic events is not known. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to study the association of ER and arrhythmic events and nonarrhythmic morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We assessed the prognostic significance of ER in a community-based general population of 10,846 middle-aged subjects (mean age 44 ± 8 years). The end-points were sustained ventricular tachycardia or resuscitated ventricular fibrillation (VT-VF), arrhythmic death, nonarrhythmic cardiac death, new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), hospitalization for congestive heart failure, or coronary artery disease during mean follow-up of 30 ± 11 years. ER was defined as ≥0.1-mV elevation of J point in either inferior or lateral leads. RESULTS: After including all risk factors of cardiac mortality and morbidity in Cox regression analysis, inferior ER (prevalence 3.5%) predicted VF-VT events (n = 108 [1.0%]) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-4.5, P = .03) but not nonarrhythmic cardiac death (n = 1235 [12.2%]), AF (n = 1659 [15.2%]), congestive heart failure (n = 1752 [16.1%]), or coronary artery disease (n = 3592 [32.9%]) (P = NS for all). Inferior ER predicted arrhythmic death in cases without other QRS complex abnormalities (multivariate HR 1.68, 95 % CI 1.10-2.58, P = .02) but not in those with ER and other coexisting abnormalities in QRS morphology (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.96, P = .22). CONCLUSION: ER in the inferior leads, especially in cases without other QRS complex abnormalities, predicts the occurrence of VT-VF but not nonarrhythmic cardiac events, suggesting that ER is a specific sign of increased vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Authors: Charles Antzelevitch; Gan-Xin Yan; Michael J Ackerman; Martin Borggrefe; Domenico Corrado; Jihong Guo; Ihor Gussak; Can Hasdemir; Minoru Horie; Heikki Huikuri; Changsheng Ma; Hiroshi Morita; Gi-Byoung Nam; Frederic Sacher; Wataru Shimizu; Sami Viskin; Arthur A M Wilde Journal: Europace Date: 2017-04-01 Impact factor: 5.214
Authors: Wibke Reinhard; Teresa Trenkwalder; Bernhard Haller; Christine Meindl; Julia Schoenfeld; Bernhard M Kaess; Christian Hengstenberg; Heribert Schunkert; Axel Pressler; Martin Halle; Johannes Scherr Journal: Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol Date: 2018-11-14 Impact factor: 1.468
Authors: Andreas Goette; Jonathan M Kalman; Luis Aguinaga; Joseph Akar; Jose Angel Cabrera; Shih Ann Chen; Sumeet S Chugh; Domenico Corradi; Andre D'Avila; Dobromir Dobrev; Guilherme Fenelon; Mario Gonzalez; Stephane N Hatem; Robert Helm; Gerhard Hindricks; Siew Yen Ho; Brian Hoit; Jose Jalife; Young-Hoon Kim; Gregory Y H Lip; Chang-Sheng Ma; Gregory M Marcus; Katherine Murray; Akihiko Nogami; Prashanthan Sanders; William Uribe; David R Van Wagoner; Stanley Nattel Journal: Heart Rhythm Date: 2016-06-10 Impact factor: 6.343