N López Hernández1, A García Escrivá2, M Shalabi Benavent3. 1. Servicio de Neurología, Hospital IMED Levante, Benidorm, Alicante, España. Electronic address: lopez_nic@gva.es. 2. Servicio de Neurología, Hospital IMED Levante, Benidorm, Alicante, España. 3. Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital de Torrevieja, Torrevieja, Alicante, España.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Hyposmia and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) are characteristic markers of Parkinson's disease (PD), although their diagnostic value in isolation may be limited. We evaluated the combined prevalence of both disorders in patients diagnosed with PD and assessed their diagnostic yield compared to a sample with essential tremor (ET) and another group of healthy subjects. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with PD and ET and treated in our outpatient clinic were enrolled. Olfaction was assessed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" odour identification test (SS-12) and hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN+) was assessed by transcranial duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: A total of 98 subjects were analysed, comprising 30 with PD, 21 with ET, and 47 controls. The respective prevalence rates of hyposmia (SS-12 < 8) and SN+ (area > .24cm(2)) were 70% and 83.3% in PD, 33.3% and 9.5% in ET, and 17% and 10.6% in controls. Both markers were present in 63% of patients with PD, none of the patients with ET, and only 2 of the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of substantia nigra sonography and olfactory testing with SS-12, two rapid, safe, and accessible tests, was more specific than each isolated marker for distinguishing patients with PD from patients with ET and control subjects. Since both markers have been described in very early phases of PD, combined use may be helpful in providing early diagnosis of PD.
INTRODUCTION:Hyposmia and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) are characteristic markers of Parkinson's disease (PD), although their diagnostic value in isolation may be limited. We evaluated the combined prevalence of both disorders in patients diagnosed with PD and assessed their diagnostic yield compared to a sample with essential tremor (ET) and another group of healthy subjects. METHODS:Patients diagnosed with PD and ET and treated in our outpatient clinic were enrolled. Olfaction was assessed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" odour identification test (SS-12) and hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN+) was assessed by transcranial duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: A total of 98 subjects were analysed, comprising 30 with PD, 21 with ET, and 47 controls. The respective prevalence rates of hyposmia (SS-12 < 8) and SN+ (area > .24cm(2)) were 70% and 83.3% in PD, 33.3% and 9.5% in ET, and 17% and 10.6% in controls. Both markers were present in 63% of patients with PD, none of the patients with ET, and only 2 of the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of substantia nigra sonography and olfactory testing with SS-12, two rapid, safe, and accessible tests, was more specific than each isolated marker for distinguishing patients with PD from patients with ET and control subjects. Since both markers have been described in very early phases of PD, combined use may be helpful in providing early diagnosis of PD.
Authors: Elmar H Pinkhardt; Huijing Liu; Di Ma; Jing Chen; Adrian Pachollek; Martin S Kunz; Jan Kassubek; Albert C Ludolph; Yining Huang; Haibo Chen; G Bernhard Landwehrmeyer; Zhaoxia Wang; Wen Su Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-11-08 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Katerina Markopoulou; Bruce A Chase; Piotr Robowski; Audrey Strongosky; Ewa Narożańska; Emilia J Sitek; Mariusz Berdynski; Maria Barcikowska; Matt C Baker; Rosa Rademakers; Jarosław Sławek; Christine Klein; Katja Hückelheim; Meike Kasten; Zbigniew K Wszolek Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-11-17 Impact factor: 3.240