Ali R Keramati1, Mohsen Fathzadeh1, Gwang-Woong Go1, Rajvir Singh1, Murim Choi1, Saeed Faramarzi1, Shrikant Mane1, Mohammad Kasaei1, Kazem Sarajzadeh-Fard1, John Hwa1, Kenneth K Kidd1, Mohammad A Babaee Bigi1, Reza Malekzadeh1, Adallat Hosseinian1, Masoud Babaei1, Richard P Lifton1, Arya Mani1. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (A.R.K., M.F., G.-W.G., R.S., S.F., J.H., A.M.), Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics (M.C., S.M., R.P.L., A.M.), Department of Genetics (K.K.K., R.P.L., A.M.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (R.P.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital (M.F., K.S.-F., R.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.F.), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz (M.K., K.S.-F., M.A.B.B.), and Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil (A.H., M.B.) - all in Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Genetic analysis has been successful in identifying causative mutations for individual cardiovascular risk factors. Success has been more limited in mapping susceptibility genes for clusters of cardiovascular risk traits, such as those in the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We identified three large families with coinheritance of early-onset coronary artery disease, central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. We used linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing to identify the disease-causing gene. RESULTS: A founder mutation was identified in DYRK1B, substituting cysteine for arginine at position 102 in the highly conserved kinase-like domain. The mutation precisely cosegregated with the clinical syndrome in all the affected family members and was absent in unaffected family members and unrelated controls. Functional characterization of the disease gene revealed that nonmutant protein encoded by DYRK1B inhibits the SHH (sonic hedgehog) and Wnt signaling pathways and consequently enhances adipogenesis. Furthermore, DYRK1B promoted the expression of the key gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. The R102C allele showed gain-of-function activities by potentiating these effects. A second mutation, substituting proline for histidine 90, was found to cosegregate with a similar clinical syndrome in an ethnically distinct family. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a role for DYRK1B in adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis and associate its altered function with an inherited form of the metabolic syndrome. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
BACKGROUND: Genetic analysis has been successful in identifying causative mutations for individual cardiovascular risk factors. Success has been more limited in mapping susceptibility genes for clusters of cardiovascular risk traits, such as those in the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We identified three large families with coinheritance of early-onset coronary artery disease, central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. We used linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing to identify the disease-causing gene. RESULTS: A founder mutation was identified in DYRK1B, substituting cysteine for arginine at position 102 in the highly conserved kinase-like domain. The mutation precisely cosegregated with the clinical syndrome in all the affected family members and was absent in unaffected family members and unrelated controls. Functional characterization of the disease gene revealed that nonmutant protein encoded by DYRK1B inhibits the SHH (sonic hedgehog) and Wnt signaling pathways and consequently enhances adipogenesis. Furthermore, DYRK1B promoted the expression of the key gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. The R102C allele showed gain-of-function activities by potentiating these effects. A second mutation, substituting proline for histidine 90, was found to cosegregate with a similar clinical syndrome in an ethnically distinct family. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a role for DYRK1B in adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis and associate its altered function with an inherited form of the metabolic syndrome. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
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