Junko Sato1, Akio Kanazawa2, Fuki Ikeda1, Tomoaki Yoshihara1, Hiromasa Goto1, Hiroko Abe1, Koji Komiya1, Minako Kawaguchi1, Tomoaki Shimizu1, Takeshi Ogihara1, Yoshifumi Tamura3, Yuko Sakurai1, Risako Yamamoto1, Tomoya Mita1, Yoshio Fujitani4, Hiroshi Fukuda5, Koji Nomoto6, Takuya Takahashi6, Takashi Asahara6, Takahisa Hirose7, Satoru Nagata8, Yuichiro Yamashiro9, Hirotaka Watada10. 1. Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan akana@juntendo.ac.jp. 3. Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanSportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Beta Cell Biology and Regeneration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan. 7. Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 8. Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. 9. Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 10. Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Beta Cell Biology and Regeneration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota are an important modifier of obesity and diabetes. However, so far there is no information on gut microbiota and "live gut bacteria" in the systemic circulation of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a sensitive reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method, we determined the composition of fecal gut microbiota in 50 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 control subjects, and its association with various clinical parameters, including inflammatory markers. We also analyzed the presence of gut bacteria in blood samples. RESULTS: The counts of the Clostridium coccoides group, Atopobium cluster, and Prevotella (obligate anaerobes) were significantly lower (P < 0.05), while the counts of total Lactobacillus (facultative anaerobes) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fecal samples of diabetic patients than in those of control subjects. Especially, the counts of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum subgroups were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Gut bacteria were detected in blood at a significantly higher rate in diabetic patients than in control subjects (28% vs. 4%, P < 0.01), and most of these bacteria were Gram-positive. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of gut dysbiosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes as assessed by RT-qPCR. The high rate of gut bacteria in the circulation suggests translocation of bacteria from the gut to the bloodstream.
OBJECTIVE: Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota are an important modifier of obesity and diabetes. However, so far there is no information on gut microbiota and "live gut bacteria" in the systemic circulation of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a sensitive reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method, we determined the composition of fecal gut microbiota in 50 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 control subjects, and its association with various clinical parameters, including inflammatory markers. We also analyzed the presence of gut bacteria in blood samples. RESULTS: The counts of the Clostridium coccoides group, Atopobium cluster, and Prevotella (obligate anaerobes) were significantly lower (P < 0.05), while the counts of total Lactobacillus (facultative anaerobes) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fecal samples of diabeticpatients than in those of control subjects. Especially, the counts of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum subgroups were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Gut bacteria were detected in blood at a significantly higher rate in diabeticpatients than in control subjects (28% vs. 4%, P < 0.01), and most of these bacteria were Gram-positive. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of gut dysbiosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes as assessed by RT-qPCR. The high rate of gut bacteria in the circulation suggests translocation of bacteria from the gut to the bloodstream.
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