OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) and posttraumatic stress symptoms in traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Single-site prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1114 individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 years with a traumatic brain injury seen on average 3 months following injury. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to their duration of PTA: less than 1 hour; 1 to 24 hours; 24 hours to 1 week; and more than 1 week. MAIN MEASURES: Glasgow Coma Scale, PTA, computed tomographic brain scan abnormalities, Impact of Event Scale, the 28-item General Health Questionnaire, and Rivermead Postconcussion Disorder Questionnaire. RESULTS: The duration of PTA less than 1 hour was associated with more avoidant (P < .01) and intrusive (P < .001) posttraumatic stress symptoms and more anxiety according to the General Health Questionnaire (P < .01) than other groups. Regression analysis identified PTA and 3 concussive symptoms (light sensitivity, noise intolerance, and difficulties concentrating) as independent predictors of intrusive posttraumatic stress symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our data, representative of the full range of traumatic brain injury severity, indicate that a brief duration of PTA is a significant risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The persistence of certain symptoms of postconcussion disorder adds to the risk by possibly acting as a trigger for reminders of the traumatic event.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) and posttraumatic stress symptoms in traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Single-site prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1114 individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 years with a traumatic brain injury seen on average 3 months following injury. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to their duration of PTA: less than 1 hour; 1 to 24 hours; 24 hours to 1 week; and more than 1 week. MAIN MEASURES: Glasgow Coma Scale, PTA, computed tomographic brain scan abnormalities, Impact of Event Scale, the 28-item General Health Questionnaire, and Rivermead Postconcussion Disorder Questionnaire. RESULTS: The duration of PTA less than 1 hour was associated with more avoidant (P < .01) and intrusive (P < .001) posttraumatic stress symptoms and more anxiety according to the General Health Questionnaire (P < .01) than other groups. Regression analysis identified PTA and 3 concussive symptoms (light sensitivity, noise intolerance, and difficulties concentrating) as independent predictors of intrusive posttraumatic stress symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our data, representative of the full range of traumatic brain injury severity, indicate that a brief duration of PTA is a significant risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The persistence of certain symptoms of postconcussion disorder adds to the risk by possibly acting as a trigger for reminders of the traumatic event.
Authors: Jacqueline R Kulbe; Sonia Jain; Lindsay D Nelson; Frederick K Korley; Pratik Mukherjee; Xiaoying Sun; David O Okonkwo; Joseph T Giacino; Mary J Vassar; Claudia S Robertson; Michael A McCrea; Kevin K W Wang; Nancy Temkin; Christine L Mac Donald; Sabrina R Taylor; Adam R Ferguson; Amy J Markowitz; Ramon Diaz-Arrastia; Geoffrey T Manley; Murray B Stein Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2022-06-18 Impact factor: 8.294
Authors: Jonathan E Elliott; Ryan A Opel; Kris B Weymann; Alex Q Chau; Melissa A Papesh; Megan L Callahan; Daniel Storzbach; Miranda M Lim Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2018-07-15 Impact factor: 4.062