Sean Coffey1, Brian Cox2, Michael J A Williams3. 1. Department of Cardiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: sean.coffey@ouh.nhs.uk. 2. Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 3. Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the epidemiology of aortic sclerosis (ASc) and its association with cardiovascular events. BACKGROUND: ASc, which is defined as thickening or calcification of the aortic valve without significant obstruction of blood flow, is a common finding on cardiac imaging. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to April 2013 for studies describing the epidemiology of ASc and performed a meta-analysis of the risk of adverse events using a random effects model. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were identified from the systematic review. The prevalence of ASc increased in proportion to the average age of study participants, ranging from 9% in a study in which the mean age was 54 years to 42% in a study in which the mean age was 81 years. In total, 1.8% to 1.9% of participants with ASc had progression to clinical aortic stenosis per year. There was a 68% increased risk of coronary events in subjects with ASc (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31 to 2.15), a 27% increased risk of stroke (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.60), a 69% increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.15), and a 36% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.59). CONCLUSIONS: ASc is a common finding that is more prevalent with older age. Despite low rates of progression to ASc, there is an independent increase in morbidity and mortality associated with the condition.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the epidemiology of aortic sclerosis (ASc) and its association with cardiovascular events. BACKGROUND: ASc, which is defined as thickening or calcification of the aortic valve without significant obstruction of blood flow, is a common finding on cardiac imaging. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to April 2013 for studies describing the epidemiology of ASc and performed a meta-analysis of the risk of adverse events using a random effects model. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were identified from the systematic review. The prevalence of ASc increased in proportion to the average age of study participants, ranging from 9% in a study in which the mean age was 54 years to 42% in a study in which the mean age was 81 years. In total, 1.8% to 1.9% of participants with ASc had progression to clinical aortic stenosis per year. There was a 68% increased risk of coronary events in subjects with ASc (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31 to 2.15), a 27% increased risk of stroke (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.60), a 69% increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.15), and a 36% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.59). CONCLUSIONS: ASc is a common finding that is more prevalent with older age. Despite low rates of progression to ASc, there is an independent increase in morbidity and mortality associated with the condition.
Authors: Joanna L d'Arcy; Sean Coffey; Margaret A Loudon; Andrew Kennedy; Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard; Jacqueline Birks; Eleni Frangou; Andrew J Farmer; David Mant; Jo Wilson; Saul G Myerson; Bernard D Prendergast Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2016-06-26 Impact factor: 29.983
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Authors: Hideyuki Hayashi; Koichi Akiyama; Keiichi Itatani; Scott DeRoo; Joseph Sanchez; Giovanni Ferrari; Paolo C Colombo; Koji Takeda; Isaac Y Wu; Atsushi Kainuma; Hiroo Takayama Journal: Echocardiography Date: 2020-01-31 Impact factor: 1.724
Authors: J Gustav Smith; Kevin Luk; Christina-Alexandra Schulz; James C Engert; Ron Do; George Hindy; Gull Rukh; Line Dufresne; Peter Almgren; David S Owens; Tamara B Harris; Gina M Peloso; Kathleen F Kerr; Quenna Wong; Albert V Smith; Matthew J Budoff; Jerome I Rotter; L Adrienne Cupples; Stephen Rich; Sekar Kathiresan; Marju Orho-Melander; Vilmundur Gudnason; Christopher J O'Donnell; Wendy S Post; George Thanassoulis Journal: JAMA Date: 2014-11-05 Impact factor: 56.272