Margit Kaldmäe1, Margus Viigimaa2, Galina Zemtsovskaja3, Tanel Kaart4, Jelena Abina5, Margus Annuk6. 1. Tallinn University, Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia mkaldmae@tlu.ee. 2. North Estonia Medical Centre, Centre of Cardiology, Tallinn, Estonia Tallinn University of Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tallinn, Estonia. 3. North Estonia Medical Centre, Centre of Cardiology, Tallinn, Estonia. 4. Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Tartu, Estonia. 5. Tallinn University of Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tallinn, Estonia. 6. Tallinn University, Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although Eastern Europe, including Estonia, has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates associated with hypertension, there is little information in the literature concerning the biochemical risk factor profile or its association with hypertension in Estonia. This study examined the cross-sectional gender-stratified association between biochemical risk markers and hypertension in a population-based sample of adults in Estonia. METHODS: The study was carried out in Tallinn, Estonia and consisted of 511 men and 600 women with a mean age of 46 years. Physiological measurements were taken and blood samples drawn to measure the following markers: cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-1 and B, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, glucose, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and homocysteine. RESULTS: Overall, 36% of participants had hypertension, with approximately 80% being aware of their condition. A total of 40% of participants reported taking antihypertensive medication. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increases in age, body mass index, apolipoprotein B, triglyceride and homocysteine levels were associated with an increased probability of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Elevations in biochemical markers and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with hypertension. Increasing body mass index, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and homocysteine levels with decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level should be investigated and monitored in Estonian adults.
BACKGROUND: Although Eastern Europe, including Estonia, has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates associated with hypertension, there is little information in the literature concerning the biochemical risk factor profile or its association with hypertension in Estonia. This study examined the cross-sectional gender-stratified association between biochemical risk markers and hypertension in a population-based sample of adults in Estonia. METHODS: The study was carried out in Tallinn, Estonia and consisted of 511 men and 600 women with a mean age of 46 years. Physiological measurements were taken and blood samples drawn to measure the following markers: cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-1 and B, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, glucose, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and homocysteine. RESULTS: Overall, 36% of participants had hypertension, with approximately 80% being aware of their condition. A total of 40% of participants reported taking antihypertensive medication. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increases in age, body mass index, apolipoprotein B, triglyceride and homocysteine levels were associated with an increased probability of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Elevations in biochemical markers and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with hypertension. Increasing body mass index, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and homocysteine levels with decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level should be investigated and monitored in Estonian adults.
Authors: Khalid Abdul Basit; Asher Fawwad; Muhammad Asadullah Munir; Iftikhar Ahmed Siddiqui; Sidra Siddiqui; Abdul Basit Journal: Pak J Med Sci Date: 2015 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 1.088
Authors: Marion Jose Valladares; Noel A Rodríguez Sándigo; Ginner O Rizo Rivera; Marco A Rodríguez Jarquín; Rosse M Rivera Castillo; Indiana M López Bonilla Journal: Health Sci Rep Date: 2019-04-11