Vlad C Vasile1, Allan S Jaffe. 1. aDivision of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine bDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Acute cardiac conditions such as acute myocardial infarction and heart failure are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnosis allows risk stratification and initiation of treatment in a timely manner. Numerous novel biomarkers have been identified to predict outcomes. These may assist in tailoring of appropriate therapy to high-risk patients. RECENT FINDINGS: This study reviews several novel biomarkers - galectin-3, ST2 and copeptin. The scope of this review is to identify and underline the clinical aspects of these emerging biomarkers. SUMMARY: Galectin-3 is an active biomarker found in inflammatory and fibrotic processes, and is a marker of mortality. ST2 is released by stressed cardiac myocytes and also predicts mortality in heart failure and myocardial infarction. Copeptin is a stable arginine vasopressin precursor associated with increased risk of heart failure. It may also be useful to exclude acute myocardial infarction.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Acute cardiac conditions such as acute myocardial infarction and heart failure are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnosis allows risk stratification and initiation of treatment in a timely manner. Numerous novel biomarkers have been identified to predict outcomes. These may assist in tailoring of appropriate therapy to high-risk patients. RECENT FINDINGS: This study reviews several novel biomarkers - galectin-3, ST2 and copeptin. The scope of this review is to identify and underline the clinical aspects of these emerging biomarkers. SUMMARY:Galectin-3 is an active biomarker found in inflammatory and fibrotic processes, and is a marker of mortality. ST2 is released by stressed cardiac myocytes and also predicts mortality in heart failure and myocardial infarction. Copeptin is a stable arginine vasopressin precursor associated with increased risk of heart failure. It may also be useful to exclude acute myocardial infarction.
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