Amnat Kitkhuandee1, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth2, Jeffrey Johns3, Jaturat Kanpittaya4, Supinya Tuntapakul3, Nutjaree Pratheepawanit Johns3. 1. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kean University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 2. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kean University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; The Research and Training Center for Enhancing Quality of Life of Working-Age People, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Electronic address: kittisak@kku.ac.th. 3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Melatonin Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 4. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kean University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pineal calcification is associated with symptomatic cerebral infarction in humans. However, there are limited data on the association of pineal calcification and intracerebral hemorrhage. We evaluated this association of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and pineal calcification by computed tomography of the brain. METHODS: We reviewed all computed tomographic (CT) scans of the brains of patients over 15 years of age during the year 2011 at a university teaching hospital. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was identified by having clinical syndrome of stroke and acute intracerebral hemorrhage from brain CT scans. Pineal calcification was also evidenced by brain CT scans. Other stroke risk factors were recorded. The association of various risk factors including pineal calcification and intracerebral hemorrhage was calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 2140 CT scans of the brains during the study period. Of those, 1071 scans (50.05%) met the study criteria. Intracerebral hemorrhage and pineal calcification were found in 77 (7.2%) and 689 (64.3%) patients, respectively. Pineal calcification was a significant risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.36 (95% confidence interval of 1.22-4.54). Other significant factors were age>50 years, hypertension, and diabetes. CONCLUSION: Pineal calcification is associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND:Pineal calcification is associated with symptomatic cerebral infarction in humans. However, there are limited data on the association of pineal calcification and intracerebral hemorrhage. We evaluated this association of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and pineal calcification by computed tomography of the brain. METHODS: We reviewed all computed tomographic (CT) scans of the brains of patients over 15 years of age during the year 2011 at a university teaching hospital. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was identified by having clinical syndrome of stroke and acute intracerebral hemorrhage from brain CT scans. Pineal calcification was also evidenced by brain CT scans. Other stroke risk factors were recorded. The association of various risk factors including pineal calcification and intracerebral hemorrhage was calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 2140 CT scans of the brains during the study period. Of those, 1071 scans (50.05%) met the study criteria. Intracerebral hemorrhage and pineal calcification were found in 77 (7.2%) and 689 (64.3%) patients, respectively. Pineal calcification was a significant risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.36 (95% confidence interval of 1.22-4.54). Other significant factors were age>50 years, hypertension, and diabetes. CONCLUSION:Pineal calcification is associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.