Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with lung cavity and lytic bone lesion in a 45 day infant.

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal, hyper inflammatory condition which is caused by a highly stimulated but ineffective immune response. We are presenting here, a case of HLH which occurred in a 45 day infant. Presence of lung cavity and a lytic bone lesion in the skull, as was seen in this case, have not been reported in HLH in the literature. This raises a possibility of a simultaneous occurrence of HLH and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In a child who presents with septicaemia but does not respond to treatment, the possibility of HLH needs to be considered.