Emmanuel Kuntsche1, Saoirse Nic Gabhainn2, Chris Roberts3, Béat Windlin4, Alessio Vieno5, Pernille Bendtsen6, Anne Hublet7, Jorma Tynjälä8, Raili Välimaa8, Zuzana Dankulincová9, Katrin Aasvee10, Zsolt Demetrovics11, Judit Farkas11, Winfried van der Sluijs12, Margarida Gaspar de Matos13, Joanna Mazur14, Matthias Wicki4. 1. Addiction Switzerland, Research Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 2. Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. 3. Social Research and Information Division, Welsh Government, Cardiff, United Kingdom. 4. Addiction Switzerland, Research Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland. 5. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy. 6. National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. 7. Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Belgium. 8. Department of Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. 9. Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Public Health, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic. 10. Chronic Disease Department, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia. 11. Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. 12. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit (CAHRU), School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, United Kingdom. 13. Department of International Health, Lisbon University, Portugal. 14. Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the structure and endorsement of drinking motives and their links to alcohol use among 11- to 19-year-olds from 13 European countries. METHOD: Confirmatory factor analysis, latent growth curves, and multiple regression models were conducted, based on a sample of 33,813 alcohol-using students from Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Wales who completed the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF). RESULTS: The findings confirmed the hypothesized fourdimensional factor structure. Social motives for drinking were most frequently indicated, followed by enhancement, coping, and conformity motives, in that order, in all age groups in all countries except Finland. This rank order was clearest among older adolescents and those from northern European countries. The results confirmed that, across countries, social motives were strongly positively related to drinking frequency, enhancement motives were strongly positively related to frequency of drunkenness, and conformity motives were negatively related to both alcohol outcomes. Against our expectations, social motives were more closely related to drunkenness than were coping motives, particularly among younger adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal striking cross-cultural consistency. Health promotion efforts that are based on, or incorporate, drinking motives are likely to be applicable across Europe. As social motives were particularly closely linked to drunkenness among young adolescents, measures to impede the modeling of alcohol use and skills to resist peer pressure are particularly important in this age group.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the structure and endorsement of drinking motives and their links to alcohol use among 11- to 19-year-olds from 13 European countries. METHOD: Confirmatory factor analysis, latent growth curves, and multiple regression models were conducted, based on a sample of 33,813 alcohol-using students from Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Wales who completed the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF). RESULTS: The findings confirmed the hypothesized fourdimensional factor structure. Social motives for drinking were most frequently indicated, followed by enhancement, coping, and conformity motives, in that order, in all age groups in all countries except Finland. This rank order was clearest among older adolescents and those from northern European countries. The results confirmed that, across countries, social motives were strongly positively related to drinking frequency, enhancement motives were strongly positively related to frequency of drunkenness, and conformity motives were negatively related to both alcohol outcomes. Against our expectations, social motives were more closely related to drunkenness than were coping motives, particularly among younger adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal striking cross-cultural consistency. Health promotion efforts that are based on, or incorporate, drinking motives are likely to be applicable across Europe. As social motives were particularly closely linked to drunkenness among young adolescents, measures to impede the modeling of alcohol use and skills to resist peer pressure are particularly important in this age group.
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