John L Fiedler1, Keith Lividini2, Odilia I Bermudez3. 1. 1The Strengthening Partnerships,Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING),Project PHND & HarvestPlus,International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI),Washington,DC 20006,USA. 2. 2HarvestPlus,International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI),Washington,DC,USA. 3. 3Tufts University School of Medicine,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine,Boston,MA,USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem in Bangladesh. The 2011-12 Bangladesh Micronutrient Survey found 76·8% of children of pre-school age were vitamin A deficient. In the absence of nationally representative, individual dietary assessment data, we use an alternative--household income and expenditure survey data--to estimate the potential impact of the introduction of vitamin A-fortified vegetable oil in Bangladesh. DESIGN: Items in the household income and expenditure survey were matched to food composition tables to estimate households' usual vitamin A intakes. Then, assuming (i) the intra-household distribution of food is in direct proportion to household members' share of the household's total adult male consumption equivalents, (ii) all vegetable oil that is made from other-than mustard seed and that is purchased is fortifiable and (iii) oil fortification standards are implemented, we modelled the additional vitamin A intake due to the new fortification initiative. SETTING: Nationwide in Bangladesh. SUBJECTS: A weighted sample of 12,240 households comprised of 55,580 individuals. RESULTS: Ninety-nine per cent of the Bangladesh population consumes vegetable oil. The quantities consumed are sufficiently large and, varying little by socio-economic status, are able to provide an important, large-scale impact. At full implementation, vegetable oil fortification will reduce the number of persons with inadequate vitamin A intake from 115 million to 86 million and decrease the prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake from 80% to 60%. CONCLUSIONS: Vegetable oil is an ideal fortification vehicle in Bangladesh. Its fortification with vitamin A is an important public health intervention.
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem in Bangladesh. The 2011-12 Bangladesh Micronutrient Survey found 76·8% of children of pre-school age were vitamin A deficient. In the absence of nationally representative, individual dietary assessment data, we use an alternative--household income and expenditure survey data--to estimate the potential impact of the introduction of vitamin A-fortified vegetable oil in Bangladesh. DESIGN: Items in the household income and expenditure survey were matched to food composition tables to estimate households' usual vitamin A intakes. Then, assuming (i) the intra-household distribution of food is in direct proportion to household members' share of the household's total adult male consumption equivalents, (ii) all vegetable oil that is made from other-than mustard seed and that is purchased is fortifiable and (iii) oil fortification standards are implemented, we modelled the additional vitamin A intake due to the new fortification initiative. SETTING: Nationwide in Bangladesh. SUBJECTS: A weighted sample of 12,240 households comprised of 55,580 individuals. RESULTS: Ninety-nine per cent of the Bangladesh population consumes vegetable oil. The quantities consumed are sufficiently large and, varying little by socio-economic status, are able to provide an important, large-scale impact. At full implementation, vegetable oil fortification will reduce the number of persons with inadequate vitamin A intake from 115 million to 86 million and decrease the prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake from 80% to 60%. CONCLUSIONS:Vegetable oil is an ideal fortification vehicle in Bangladesh. Its fortification with vitamin A is an important public health intervention.
Authors: Katherine P Adams; Stephen A Vosti; Mduduzi N N Mbuya; Valerie M Friesen; Reina Engle-Stone Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2022-06-01 Impact factor: 11.567
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Authors: Valerie M Friesen; Mduduzi N N Mbuya; Grant J Aaron; Helena Pachón; Olufemi Adegoke; Ramadhani A Noor; Rina Swart; Archileo Kaaya; Frank T Wieringa; Lynnette M Neufeld Journal: J Nutr Date: 2020-08-01 Impact factor: 4.798