Biodegradation of three tetracyclines in swine wastewater.

Tetracyclines (TCs), including tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), are amongst the most common antibiotics used in animal husbandry. Residual amounts of these antibiotics in the environment are a concern because they contribute to selection of resistant bacteria. In this study, we investigated the biodegradation of three TCs in swine wastewater. In batch experiments, OTC and CTC were completely degraded at d 18 and 20, respectively, but TC was remained at 7.1% after 20 d incubation. The degradation rates of TCs in the wastewater were in the order of OTC > CTC > TC. Degradation of the TCs was enhanced by the addition of enzyme extract from spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus eryngii. The degradation rates were higher with the addition of extract-containing microcapsules than suspended enzyme extract in swine wastewater. In the bioreactor experiment, the addition of extract-containing microcapsules enhanced the removal rates of the three TCs, and adding TCs twice maintained enzyme activity in the swine wastewater. Of the microorganism strains isolated from the wastewater samples, strain HL2 (identified as Xanthobacter flavus) showed the best degrading ability.