Structure and expression of elongation factor 2 gene during development of Dictyostelium discoideum.

A cDNA library constructed from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from Dictyostelium discoideum cells at 12 h of development was screened with the hamster elongation factor 2 (EF-2) cDNA. Several different cDNA clones which hybridized were isolated after a second screening. A cDNA clone representing the 5'-end of the mRNA was obtained by primer extension. By comparing the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequences of these clones with that of hamster EF-2, we found enough homology between them to conclude that the isolated clones were complementary to the mRNA of D. discoideum EF-2. The N terminus which is the GTP-binding domain and the C-terminal half where it interacts with a ribosome showed a high degree of homology. The amino acid sequence of the carboxyl half includes that it contain a site of ADP-ribosylation by diphtheria toxin. From the Northern blotting analysis, the size of the mRNA was estimated to be 2.6 kilobases. The expression of the mRNA was high in vegetative cells, became maximal at the aggregation stage, and decreased thereafter through development. Upon differentiation of prespore and prestalk cells, the mRNA was highly enriched in the former over the latter. ADP-ribosylation assay of EF-2 protein by diphtheria toxin showed nearly the same developmental changes for the protein as the mRNA. However, prestalk cells were found to contain the same amount of the protein as prespore cells. The Southern blot analyses indicated that the gene encoding EF-2 is unique.