Personalized medicine in systemic sclerosis: facts and promises.

The concept of personalized medicine has led to a paradigm shift in recent years. It integrates multiple clinical and biological levels of investigation aimed at offering the best possible and patient-tailored healthcare. This holds great potential in a rare and heterogeneous disease such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). The development of validated clinical screening algorithms and the identification of predictors for disease outcomes can help in stratifying patients according to their individual risk of progression. The ongoing search for biomarkers and key pathogenic molecules has brought valuable insights into molecular networks operative in SSc. In parallel, genetic and genomic studies have revealed new SSc susceptibility loci and validated gene expression profiles that might identify patients benefiting from specific therapies. In this review, we focus on recent findings relevant for the concept of personalized medicine in patients with SSc.