BACKGROUND & AIMS: Fasting and calorie restriction are associated with a prolonged life span and an increased resistance to stress. The protective effects of fasting have been exploited for the mitigation of ischemic organ injury, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether fasting protects liver against ischemia reperfusion (IR) through energy-preserving or anti-inflammatory mechanisms. METHODS: Fasted C57BL6 mice were subjected to partial hepatic IR. Injury was assessed by liver enzymes and histology. Raw264-7 macrophage-like cells were investigated in vitro. Sirt1 and HMGB1 were inhibited using Ex527 and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. RESULTS: Fasting for one, but not two or three days, protected from hepatic IR injury. None of the investigated energy parameters correlated with the protective effects. Instead, inflammatory responses were dampened in one-day-fasted mice and in starved macrophages. Fasting alone led to a reduction in circulating HMGB1 associated with cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation, aggregate formation, and autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy re-elevated circulating HMGB1 and abolished protection in fasted mice, as did supplementation with HMGB1. In vitro, Sirt1 inhibition prevented HMGB1 translocation, leading to elevated HMGB1 in the supernatant. In vivo, Sirt1 inhibition abrogated the fasting-induced protection, but had no effect in the presence of neutralizing HMGB1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting for one day protects from hepatic IR injury via Sirt1-dependent downregulation of circulating HMGB1. The reduction in serum HMGB1 appears to be mediated by its engagement in the autophagic response. These findings integrate Sirt1, HMGB1, and autophagy into a common framework that underlies the anti-inflammatory properties of short-term fasting.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Fasting and calorie restriction are associated with a prolonged life span and an increased resistance to stress. The protective effects of fasting have been exploited for the mitigation of ischemic organ injury, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether fasting protects liver against ischemia reperfusion (IR) through energy-preserving or anti-inflammatory mechanisms. METHODS: Fasted C57BL6 mice were subjected to partial hepatic IR. Injury was assessed by liver enzymes and histology. Raw264-7 macrophage-like cells were investigated in vitro. Sirt1 and HMGB1 were inhibited using Ex527 and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. RESULTS: Fasting for one, but not two or three days, protected from hepatic IR injury. None of the investigated energy parameters correlated with the protective effects. Instead, inflammatory responses were dampened in one-day-fasted mice and in starved macrophages. Fasting alone led to a reduction in circulating HMGB1 associated with cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation, aggregate formation, and autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy re-elevated circulating HMGB1 and abolished protection in fasted mice, as did supplementation with HMGB1. In vitro, Sirt1 inhibition prevented HMGB1 translocation, leading to elevated HMGB1 in the supernatant. In vivo, Sirt1 inhibition abrogated the fasting-induced protection, but had no effect in the presence of neutralizing HMGB1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting for one day protects from hepatic IR injury via Sirt1-dependent downregulation of circulating HMGB1. The reduction in serum HMGB1 appears to be mediated by its engagement in the autophagic response. These findings integrate Sirt1, HMGB1, and autophagy into a common framework that underlies the anti-inflammatory properties of short-term fasting.
Authors: Kojiro Nakamura; Shoichi Kageyama; Bibo Ke; Takehiro Fujii; Rebecca A Sosa; Elaine F Reed; Nakul Datta; Ali Zarrinpar; Ronald W Busuttil; Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski Journal: Liver Transpl Date: 2017-10 Impact factor: 5.799
Authors: Kojiro Nakamura; Min Zhang; Shoichi Kageyama; Bibo Ke; Takehiro Fujii; Rebecca A Sosa; Elaine F Reed; Nakul Datta; Ali Zarrinpar; Ronald W Busuttil; Jesus A Araujo; Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski Journal: J Hepatol Date: 2017-08-23 Impact factor: 25.083
Authors: Kojiro Nakamura; Shoichi Kageyama; Shi Yue; Jing Huang; Takehiro Fujii; Bibo Ke; Rebecca A Sosa; Elaine F Reed; Nakul Datta; Ali Zarrinpar; Ronald W Busuttil; Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski Journal: Am J Transplant Date: 2017-12-18 Impact factor: 8.086