Heng Zhang1, Xin Yuan2, Ruben L J Osnabrugge3, Dejing Meng4, Huawei Gao2, Shiju Zhang2, Chenfei Rao1, Shengshou Hu1, Zhe Zheng5. 1. State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. 2. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. 3. Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 4. State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. 5. State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zhengzhe@fuwai.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: China has the most patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world and, annually, approximately 1 million Chinese become diabetic. We investigated both clinical and economic outcomes in a large Chinese cohort of diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS: All 9,240 consecutive patients who underwent isolated, primary, elective CABG between January 1999 and December 2008 were included and analyzed for long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and economic outcomes up to 2 years after the procedure. The DM patients were divided into DM subgroups controlled by diet (n = 375), medication (n = 1,826) or insulin (n = 481). RESULTS: During the study period, the proportion of patients undergoing CABG who have DM increased from 20.1% to 31.8% in China. None of the DM subgroups was independently associated with in-hospital death, but DM was an independent predictor for long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 1.46). Medically controlled DM and insulin-dependent DM, but not diet-controlled DM were independent predictors of long-term outcomes after CABG. Cost for initial hospitalization was higher for DM patients (76,782 Ren Min Bi [RMB] versus 65,521 RMB, respectively; p < 0.001). At 2 years after CABG, costs for DM patients were 11,261 RMB (approximately US $1,623) higher than for non-DM patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CABG for patients with DM was significantly more expensive and was associated with worse long-term outcomes compared with non-DM patients. The rising incidence of DM, combined with the significant incremental costs represents significant clinical, economic, and social challenges for the Chinese healthcare system.
BACKGROUND: China has the most patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world and, annually, approximately 1 million Chinese become diabetic. We investigated both clinical and economic outcomes in a large Chinese cohort of diabeticpatients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS: All 9,240 consecutive patients who underwent isolated, primary, elective CABG between January 1999 and December 2008 were included and analyzed for long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and economic outcomes up to 2 years after the procedure. The DMpatients were divided into DM subgroups controlled by diet (n = 375), medication (n = 1,826) or insulin (n = 481). RESULTS: During the study period, the proportion of patients undergoing CABG who have DM increased from 20.1% to 31.8% in China. None of the DM subgroups was independently associated with in-hospital death, but DM was an independent predictor for long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 1.46). Medically controlled DM and insulin-dependent DM, but not diet-controlled DM were independent predictors of long-term outcomes after CABG. Cost for initial hospitalization was higher for DMpatients (76,782 Ren Min Bi [RMB] versus 65,521 RMB, respectively; p < 0.001). At 2 years after CABG, costs for DMpatients were 11,261 RMB (approximately US $1,623) higher than for non-DMpatients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CABG for patients with DM was significantly more expensive and was associated with worse long-term outcomes compared with non-DMpatients. The rising incidence of DM, combined with the significant incremental costs represents significant clinical, economic, and social challenges for the Chinese healthcare system.
Authors: Peter Fasching; Joakim Huber; Martin Clodi; Heidemarie Abrahamian; Bernhard Ludvik Journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr Date: 2016-04 Impact factor: 1.704
Authors: Timothy C Nichols; Elizabeth P Merricks; Dwight A Bellinger; Robin A Raymer; Jing Yu; Diana Lam; Gary G Koch; Walker H Busby; David R Clemmons Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-07-06 Impact factor: 3.240