Juha Koskinen1, Costan G Magnussen2, Matthew A Sabin3, Mika Kähönen4, Nina Hutri-Kähönen5, Tomi Laitinen6, Leena Taittonen7, Eero Jokinen8, Terho Lehtimäki9, Jorma S A Viikari10, Olli T Raitakari11, Markus Juonala10. 1. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Medicine, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland jkkosk@utu.fi. 2. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandMenzies Research Institute Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. 3. The Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 4. Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. 6. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland. 8. Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 9. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland. 10. Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 11. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess cardiovascular risk and metabolic complications in adulthood in subjects with or without overweight and metabolic disturbances (i.e., elevated blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and high LDL cholesterol) and their combinations as youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using data from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study, we examined the utility of four age- and sex-specific youth phenotypes (group I: normal weight, no metabolic disturbances; group II: normal weight, one or more metabolic disturbances; group III: overweight/obese, no metabolic disturbances; group IV: overweight/obese, one or more metabolic disturbances) in predicting adult high carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study included 1,617 participants 9-24 years of age at baseline who were followed up 21-25 years later. RESULTS: IMT (mean ± SEM) was higher among participants in groups II (0.627 ± 0.005 mm, P = 0.05), III (0.647 ± 0.010 mm, P = 0.005), and IV (0.670 ± 0.010 mm, P < 0.0001) compared with group I (0.616 ± 0.003 mm). In addition, subjects in group IV had significantly higher IMT compared with those in group II (P = 0.002). Participants in groups II, III, and IV were at increased risk of the development of MetS in adulthood compared with those in the control group. For group II participants, the difference was attenuated after risk factor adjustments. Additionally, participants in group III and IV were at increased risk of the development of T2DM compared with those in groups I and II. CONCLUSIONS: While metabolic risk factors associated with overweight increase future risk for MetS, T2DM, and increased IMT, overweight in isolation is also a risk factor. Therefore, overweight should be prevented and treated wherever possible.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess cardiovascular risk and metabolic complications in adulthood in subjects with or without overweight and metabolic disturbances (i.e., elevated blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and high LDL cholesterol) and their combinations as youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using data from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study, we examined the utility of four age- and sex-specific youth phenotypes (group I: normal weight, no metabolic disturbances; group II: normal weight, one or more metabolic disturbances; group III: overweight/obese, no metabolic disturbances; group IV: overweight/obese, one or more metabolic disturbances) in predicting adult high carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study included 1,617 participants 9-24 years of age at baseline who were followed up 21-25 years later. RESULTS: IMT (mean ± SEM) was higher among participants in groups II (0.627 ± 0.005 mm, P = 0.05), III (0.647 ± 0.010 mm, P = 0.005), and IV (0.670 ± 0.010 mm, P < 0.0001) compared with group I (0.616 ± 0.003 mm). In addition, subjects in group IV had significantly higher IMT compared with those in group II (P = 0.002). Participants in groups II, III, and IV were at increased risk of the development of MetS in adulthood compared with those in the control group. For group II participants, the difference was attenuated after risk factor adjustments. Additionally, participants in group III and IV were at increased risk of the development of T2DM compared with those in groups I and II. CONCLUSIONS: While metabolic risk factors associated with overweight increase future risk for MetS, T2DM, and increased IMT, overweight in isolation is also a risk factor. Therefore, overweight should be prevented and treated wherever possible.
Authors: Ginger E Nicol; Rachel Kolko; Eric J Lenze; Michael D Yingling; J Philip Miller; Amanda R Ricchio; Julia A Schweiger; Robert L Findling; Denise Wilfley; John W Newcomer Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Date: 2019-04-17 Impact factor: 2.576
Authors: Britni R Belcher; Jaclyn P Maher; Nanette V Lopez; Gayla Margolin; Adam M Leventhal; Chaelin K Ra; Sydney O'Connor; Tara L Gruenewald; Jimi Huh; Genevieve F Dunton Journal: Matern Child Health J Date: 2019-04