Christoph Schöbel1, Ingo Fietze2, Martin Glos2, Inett Schary2, Alexander Blau2, Gert Baumann3, Thomas Penzel4. 1. Sleep Medicine Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiology and Angiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 2. Sleep Medicine Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 3. Center for Cardiology and Angiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 4. Sleep Medicine Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: thomas.penzel@charite.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In patients with obstructive sleep apnea heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity during night and daytime are impaired. Snoring without obstructive sleep apnea may already influence heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity during daytime. METHODS: Cardiovascular daytime testing was performed in 11 snorers and age, BMI, and gender matched controls. Sleep apnea and snoring were quantified by sleep recordings. Paced breathing was performed during daytime with ECG, non-invasive blood pressure, and respiration recorded. Heart rate variability and blood pressure variability were analyzed in the time and frequency domain. Baroreceptor sensitivity (alpha gain) was calculated. RESULTS: In snorers a significant increase in high frequency systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV-HF) compared to control group (0.37 mm Hg(2) vs. 0.11 mm Hg(2) for 12 breaths and 0.35 mm Hg(2) vs. 0.10 mm Hg(2) for 15 breaths) was demonstrated. Furthermore a lower baroreceptor sensitivity was found in snorers compared to controls (9.2 ms/mm Hg vs. 16.2 ms/mm Hg for 12 breaths and 8.5 ms/mm Hg vs. 17.4 ms/mm Hg for 15 breaths per minute) using the paced breathing protocol. Mean heart rate was elevated in snorers as well. CONCLUSIONS: Snorers may have a reduced parasympathetic tone during daytime rather than an increased sympathetic tone.
BACKGROUND: In patients with obstructive sleep apnea heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity during night and daytime are impaired. Snoring without obstructive sleep apnea may already influence heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity during daytime. METHODS: Cardiovascular daytime testing was performed in 11 snorers and age, BMI, and gender matched controls. Sleep apnea and snoring were quantified by sleep recordings. Paced breathing was performed during daytime with ECG, non-invasive blood pressure, and respiration recorded. Heart rate variability and blood pressure variability were analyzed in the time and frequency domain. Baroreceptor sensitivity (alpha gain) was calculated. RESULTS: In snorers a significant increase in high frequency systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV-HF) compared to control group (0.37 mm Hg(2) vs. 0.11 mm Hg(2) for 12 breaths and 0.35 mm Hg(2) vs. 0.10 mm Hg(2) for 15 breaths) was demonstrated. Furthermore a lower baroreceptor sensitivity was found in snorers compared to controls (9.2 ms/mm Hg vs. 16.2 ms/mm Hg for 12 breaths and 8.5 ms/mm Hg vs. 17.4 ms/mm Hg for 15 breaths per minute) using the paced breathing protocol. Mean heart rate was elevated in snorers as well. CONCLUSIONS: Snorers may have a reduced parasympathetic tone during daytime rather than an increased sympathetic tone.
Authors: Henry Blomster; Tomi P Laitinen; Juha Ek Hartikainen; Tiina M Laitinen; Esko Vanninen; Helena Gylling; Johanna Sahlman; Jouko Kokkarinen; Jukka Randell; Juha Seppä; Henri Tuomilehto Journal: Nat Sci Sleep Date: 2015-06-25
Authors: Martin Glos; Thomas Penzel; Christoph Schoebel; Georg-Reiner Nitzsche; Sandra Zimmermann; Christopher Rudolph; Alexander Blau; Gert Baumann; Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann; Stefanie Rautengarten; Jan Christian Meier; Ingrid Peroz; Ingo Fietze Journal: Sleep Breath Date: 2015-10-13 Impact factor: 2.816