Doxorubicin nanoconjugates.

Doxorubicin is one of the most widely administered drugs for treatment of cancer. The shortcomings commonly encountered with this drug are severe cardiotoxicity, narrow therapeutic indices, and the development of multiple drug resistance. Hence, several nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been designed to overcome these limitations and to improvise the overall therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin. This review outlines the doxorubicin delivery systems, viz., metals and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, nanoparticles of solid lipid materials, lipid microemulsions, polymer-based nanoparticles, protein-attached nanoparticles, polysaccharide nanoparticles, functional polymers, and nanoparticles of virus.