BACKGROUND: The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the development of hypertension and renal damage. Disruption of diurnal blood pressure (BP) variation is an additional risk factor for renal damage. However, little is known regarding whether intrarenal RAS circadian rhythm exists or if it influences the disruption of diurnal BP and renal damage. METHODS: We investigated the circadian rhythm of urinary angiotensinogen (U-AGT) that reflects intrarenal RAS activity in 14 individuals without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 36 CKD patients classified according to circadian BP rhythms. RESULTS: BP values were higher during the daytime than during the nighttime in both individuals without CKD and CKD patients. U-AGT levels were not different between the daytime and nighttime in individuals without CKD, but were significantly higher in the daytime in CKD patients (log U-AGT/creatinine: daytime, 2.39 ± 0.99; nighttime, 2.24 ± 1.06; p = 0.001). Furthermore, in CKD patients showing a riser pattern of circadian BP, U-AGT levels did not decrease during the nighttime compared with those in the daytime (log U-AGT/creatinine: daytime, 2.51 ± 0.65; nighttime, 2.52 ± 0.71; p = 0.78). Circadian fluctuation of albuminuria and proteinuria occurred parallel to that of the U-AGT levels. U-AGT levels were significantly and positively correlated with the levels of BP and circadian fluctuation of U-AGT was correlated with diurnal BP changes. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the circadian rhythm of intrarenal RAS activation may lead to renal damage and hypertension, which are associated with diurnal BP variation.
BACKGROUND: The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the development of hypertension and renal damage. Disruption of diurnal blood pressure (BP) variation is an additional risk factor for renal damage. However, little is known regarding whether intrarenal RAS circadian rhythm exists or if it influences the disruption of diurnal BP and renal damage. METHODS: We investigated the circadian rhythm of urinary angiotensinogen (U-AGT) that reflects intrarenal RAS activity in 14 individuals without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 36 CKDpatients classified according to circadian BP rhythms. RESULTS: BP values were higher during the daytime than during the nighttime in both individuals without CKD and CKDpatients. U-AGT levels were not different between the daytime and nighttime in individuals without CKD, but were significantly higher in the daytime in CKDpatients (log U-AGT/creatinine: daytime, 2.39 ± 0.99; nighttime, 2.24 ± 1.06; p = 0.001). Furthermore, in CKDpatients showing a riser pattern of circadian BP, U-AGT levels did not decrease during the nighttime compared with those in the daytime (log U-AGT/creatinine: daytime, 2.51 ± 0.65; nighttime, 2.52 ± 0.71; p = 0.78). Circadian fluctuation of albuminuria and proteinuria occurred parallel to that of the U-AGT levels. U-AGT levels were significantly and positively correlated with the levels of BP and circadian fluctuation of U-AGT was correlated with diurnal BP changes. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the circadian rhythm of intrarenal RAS activation may lead to renal damage and hypertension, which are associated with diurnal BP variation.
Authors: José Boggia; Yan Li; Lutgarde Thijs; Tine W Hansen; Masahiro Kikuya; Kristina Björklund-Bodegård; Tom Richart; Takayoshi Ohkubo; Tatiana Kuznetsova; Christian Torp-Pedersen; Lars Lind; Hans Ibsen; Yutaka Imai; Jiguang Wang; Edgardo Sandoya; Eoin O'Brien; Jan A Staessen Journal: Lancet Date: 2007-10-06 Impact factor: 79.321